Transplantation of mature adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat cells into three-wall defects in the rat periodontium induces tissue regeneration

Abstract

The transplantation of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells in combination with poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds has previously been proven as an effective approach in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration in a rat fenestration defect model. The aim of this study was to assess the regenerative potential of DFAT cells in a rat model of three-wall periodontal bone defect. Three-wall bone defects were created bilaterally on the mesial side of rat maxillary first molars and were either left untreated or treated by implantation of PLGA scaffolds with DFAT cells or PLGA alone. Four weeks after surgery, the tissues were processed for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric examination. Micro-CT revealed that the PLGA/DFAT group had significantly higher rates of bone regeneration than the other groups, while histomorphometric analysis showed that the PLGA/DFAT group had significantly higher densities of collagen fiber bundles in acellular and cellular cementum than the PLGA group. Moreover, the results indicate that the placement of the PLGA scaffold prevented the downgrowth of the junctional epithelium. These findings suggest that DFAT cells contribute to tissue regeneration in three-wall periodontal defects, while PLGA provides space necessary for periodontal tissue restoration.

Transplantation of dedifferentiated fat cells combined with a biodegradable type I collagen-recombinant peptide scaffold for critical-size bone defects in rats

“…Two types of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), identified as MSCs and DFAT cells, can be isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissues or buccal fat pads [22][23][24][25][26][27]. Several studies reported that DFAT cells and ASCs potentially contribute to regeneration of periodontal tissue in animal models [22,24,27]. However, previous results suggest that osteoblastic differentiation potential is greater for DFAT cells than for ASCs [22], which is consistent with data from other studies [34].…”

“…After about 1 week, the medium was replaced with growth media, and the flasks were inverted so that the cells were on the bottom of the culture flasks ( Fig. 1) [22][23][24][25]. The initial DFAT cells, referred to as passage 0 (P0), were passaged at 80% confluence.…”

“…Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are established by asymmetrical division of mature adipocytes from adipose tissue with a ceiling culture technique, which relies on the inherent buoyancy of adipocytes [22][23][24][25]. Unlike terminally differentiated adipocytes, DFAT cells have the potential to actively proliferate and have the characteristics of MSCs, i.e., multiple differentiation into osteoblasts [26,27], adipocytes [26,27], chondrocytes [26], skeletal myocytes [28], smooth muscle cell lineages [29,30], cardiomyocytes [31], and endothelial cells [32,33] in vitro.…”

“…Two types of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), identified as MSCs and DFAT cells, can be isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissues or buccal fat pads [22][23][24][25][26][27]. Several studies reported that DFAT cells and ASCs potentially contribute to regeneration of periodontal tissue in animal models [22,24,27].…”

Adipocyte biology: It is time to upgrade to a new model

“…DFAT cells are, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, not currently being used as a cell culture model for adipocyte biology, although several recent studies have utilized these cells in experimental stem cellbased therapies (Mikrogeorgiou et al, 2017;D. Suzuki et al, 2017).…”