Transplantation of the neonatal suprachiasmatic nuclei into rats with complete bilateral suprachiasmatic lesions

Sawaki, Y.; Nihonmatsu, Itsuko; Kawamura, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/0168-0102(84)90031-2

Cited by 158 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Transplantation of fetal nervous tissue has proven to be a valuable tool for examining the function of specific areas of the brain (Arendash and Gorski, 1982;Krieger et al, 1982;Bjorklund and Stenevi, 1984;Gash and Sladek, 1984). Although restoration of rhythmicity with transplants in SCN-lesioned animals has been reported (Drucker-Colin et al, 1984;Sawaki et al, 1984), these studies have neither documented integration of the transplant with the host brain nor correlated peptide expression within the graft with the recovery of free-running rhythms. We have used immunocytochemical and tract-tracing techniques to characterize SCN grafts and their connections, and to examine their participation in the restoration of circadian function.…”

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confidence: 98%

Circadian rhythmicity restored by neural transplant. Immunocytochemical characterization of the graft and its integration with the host brain

Lehman¹,

Silver²,

Gladstone³

et al. 1987

J. Neurosci.

512

278

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It is well established that overt circadian rhythms are permanently disrupted following lesions of the hamster hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In the present study, we show that implantations of brain grafts containing the fetal SCN reestablish circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in adult hamsters previously made arrhythmic by SCN lesions. The restoration of free-running rhythms in conditions of constant darkness is correlated with the presence in the graft of neuropeptides normally present in the SCN of unlesioned hamsters, including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasopressin (VP). In several recipients, grafts were found to receive retinal input, and appeared to send efferents into the host brain. Not all functions of the SCN were reinstated by the graft: animals with restored locomotor rhythms did not show gonadal regression in the absence of light, and failed to synchronize (entrain) to light intensities to which SCN-intact animals responded.

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

Circadian rhythmicity restored by neural transplant. Immunocytochemical characterization of the graft and its integration with the host brain

Lehman¹,

Silver²,

Gladstone³

et al. 1987

J. Neurosci.

512

278

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…With the exception of the transplantations of whole optic lobes by Page (1982), transplantation of small, defined brain regions containing circadian oscillators succeeded only in vertebrate species (Sawaki et al, 1984;Lehman et al, 1987;Ralph et al, 1990;Grosse and Davis, 1998), thus identifying the suprachiasmatic nucleus as the circadian pacemaker centre controlling locomotor activity in mammals. Only transplantations of embryonic or developing tissue within a narrow time window after birth of the donors succeeded (Romero et al, 1993;Kaufman and Menaker, 1993).…”

Section: Table·4 Distribution Of Regenerated Pdh-ir Fibres In the Cementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PDH-ir neurons are associated with the accessory medulla (AMe), a small neuropil situated at the ventromedial edge of the medulla of the optic lobe (Homberg et al, 1991;Petri et al, 1995;Reischig and Stengl, 1996). Although lesion and transplantation experiments demonstrated that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is necessary and sufficient for the control of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in mammals (Stephan and Zucker, 1972;Inouye and Kawamura, 1979;Sawaki et al, 1984;Ralph et al, 1990;Silver et al, 1996), conclusive evidence for the localization of the circadian clock in insects is still missing. In Drosophila melanogaster, PDH-ir lateral neurons contain the clock proteins PERIOD and TIMELESS, and these neurons have been suggested to be circadian pacemaker neurons in fruitflies and cockroaches (Zerr et al, 1990;Ewer et al, 1992;Helfrich-Förster and Homberg, 1993;Stengl and Homberg, 1994;Frisch et al, 1994;Helfrich-Förster, 1995, 1998; reviewed by Helfrich-Förster et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ectopic transplantation of the accessory medulla restores circadian locomotor rhythms in arrhythmic cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae)

Reischig

Stengl

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The presence of an endogenous circadian clock in the brain of an animal was first demonstrated in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. However, the clock's cellular basis remained elusive until pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neurons, which express the clock genes period and timeless in Drosophila, were proposed as pacemaker candidates. In several insect species, pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neurons are closely associated with the accessory medulla, a small neuropil in the optic lobe, which was suggested to be a circadian clock neuropil. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic transplantation of adult accessory medulla into optic lobe-less cockroaches restores circadian locomotor activity rhythms in L. maderae. All histologically examined cockroaches that regained circadian activity regenerated pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive fibres from the grafts to original targets in the protocerebrum. The data show that the accessory medulla is the circadian pacemaker controlling locomotor activity rhythms in the cockroach. Whether pigment-dispersing hormoneimmunoreactive neurons are the only circadian pacemaker cells controlling locomotor activity rhythms remains to be examined.

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“…Lesions of the SCN cause arrhythmicity of locomotor activity (Moore and Eichler, 1972;Stephan and Zucker, 1972;Rusak and Zucker, 1979), and transplants of fetal SC N tissue restore circadian periodicities (Sawaki et al, 1984;Lehman et al, 1987;Ralph et al, 1990). The SCN exhibits circadian rhythms in several in vitro preparations: the acute slice (Green and Gillette, 1982;Groos and Hendricks, 1982;Shibata and Moore, 1988), slice culture (Bos and Mirmiran, 1990;Herzog et al, 1997), and dispersed cell culture (Welsh et al, 1995;Liu et al, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rhythmic Properties of the Hamster Suprachiasmatic NucleusIn Vivo

et al. 1998

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We recorded multiple unit neural activity [multiunit activity (MUA)] from inside and outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in freely moving male golden hamsters housed in running-wheel cages under both light/dark cycles and constant darkness. The circadian period of MUA in the SCN matched the period of locomotor activity; it was ϳ24 hr in wild-type and 20 hr in homozygous tau mutant hamsters. The peak of MUA in the SCN always occurred in the middle of the day or, in constant darkness, the subjective day. There were circadian rhythms of MUA outside of the SCN in the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, the caudate putamen, the accumbens nucleus, the medial septum, the lateral septum, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, the medial preoptic region, and the stria medullaris. These rhythms were out-of-phase with the electrical rhythm in the SCN but in-phase with the rhythm of locomotor activity, peaking during the night or subjective night. In addition to circadian rhythms, there were significant ultradian rhythms present; one, with a period of ϳ80 min, was in antiphase between the SCN and other brain areas, and another, with a period of ϳ14 min, was in-phase between the SCN and other brain areas. The periods of these ultradian rhythms were not significantly different in wild-type and tau mutant hamsters. Of particular interest was the unique phase relationship between the MUA of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and the SCN; in these two areas both circadian and ultradian components were always in-phase. This suggests that the BNST is strongly coupled to the SCN and may be one of its major output pathways. In addition to circadian and ultradian rhythms of MUA, neural activity both within and outside the SCN was acutely affected by locomotor activity. Whenever a hamster ran on its wheel, MUA in the SCN and the BNST was suppressed, and MUA in other areas was enhanced.

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Transplantation of the neonatal suprachiasmatic nuclei into rats with complete bilateral suprachiasmatic lesions

Cited by 158 publications

References 13 publications

Circadian rhythmicity restored by neural transplant. Immunocytochemical characterization of the graft and its integration with the host brain

Circadian rhythmicity restored by neural transplant. Immunocytochemical characterization of the graft and its integration with the host brain

Ectopic transplantation of the accessory medulla restores circadian locomotor rhythms in arrhythmic cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae)

Rhythmic Properties of the Hamster Suprachiasmatic NucleusIn Vivo

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