Transport and deposition of immiscible sulfide liquid during lateral magma flow

Yao, Zujie; Mungall, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103964

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Jerram & Bryan, 2018). While dykes have traditionally been considered as the dominant storage for magma in the subsurface, seismic reflection studies have shown that sill complexes not only act as a major part of the plumbing system but perhaps a leading role in the transport of magma in sedimentary basins (Cartwright & Møller Hansen, 2006; Eide et al., 2022; Magee et al., 2016; Yao & Mungall, 2022). In the last 20 years, three‐dimensional seismic reflection data have been used extensively to map and characterize large‐scale intrusive complexes within the subsurface, but various problems are related to the seismic imaging of igneous intrusions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithological influence on sill geometry in sedimentary basins: Controls and recognition in reflection seismic data

Kjenes,

Eide,

Argüello Scotti

et al. 2024

Basin Research

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Sills play a leading role in the transport of magma in sedimentary basins. The contact between sills and host rocks reflects the acting emplacement processes during sill propagation and evolution. Recent studies have shown that the propagation of sills and dykes is strongly influenced by the lithology of the host rocks, but none have detailed documentation of marginal features in large‐scale intrusive complexes. Three‐dimensional seismic data is the primary method of mapping and investigating such complexes, but it is difficult to accurately image sills due to their low thickness compared to seismic resolution. By understanding the relationship between local lithology and marginal sill features, we can better understand the imaging of sills in seismic datasets and their resulting geometry. In this study, we present a seismic‐scale sill analogue through multiple high‐resolution three‐dimensional models, with corresponding logs and field observations from Cedar Mountains, San Rafael Swell, US. This model was further used to develop a synthetic seismic dataset, providing us with a strong control on which marginal sill features fall beneath seismic resolution. We found that lithology plays a critical control in sill geometry and morphology. In Cedar Mountains, sills emplaced within massive sandstones frequently exhibit strata‐discordant base contact with the host rock. Conversely, sills found within heterolithic intervals and mudstones typically display strata‐concordant base contact with the host rocks. Sills within heterolithic intervals also tend to exhibit a more complex segmentation with multiple broken bridges. Furthermore, our findings show that sills are more than 3.7 times more likely to intrude in mudstone compared to sandstone and heterolithic intervals. These results suggest how sill geometries can be adapted to interpret lithology in seismic datasets from sedimentary basins with little to no well control. We anticipate that our findings may provide better knowledge for interpreting sills in sedimentary basins and contribute to developing more sophisticated geomechanical emplacement models for igneous intrusions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithological influence on sill geometry in sedimentary basins: Controls and recognition in reflection seismic data

Kjenes,

Eide,

Argüello Scotti

et al. 2024

Basin Research

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“…This suggests that vertical distribution of globules may be chaotic and devoid of systematic distribution patterns which may only be observable at larger scales. with the hosting silicate magma (Barnes et al, 1982;Lesher and Campbell, 1993;Lesher, 2007;Barnes et al, 2017b;Li and Mungall, 2022;Yao and Mungall, 2022). If the globules were formed by the latter mechanism, the geochemical similarity between globules of the distal and proximal populations can be explained by the rapid diffusion of chalcophile elements into the externally derived sulfide droplets through one or multiple cycles of deposition and entrainment (Barnes and Robertson, 2019;Yao and Mungall, 2021b).…”

Section: Globule Shape and Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This erosive flow produced multiple footwall embayments where transported and upgraded sulfide phases were preferentially deposited (Lesher, 2019). At early stages of the lava flow when a chaotic turbulent flow regime dominated (Lesher, 2007;Barnes and Robertson, 2019;Yao and Mungall, 2021b), only relatively large stable sulfide droplets (Robertson et al, 2015;Yao and Mungall, 2022) were able to settle onto the flat channel floor or well-or poorly-developed footwall embayment (Fig. Reynolds, 1883;Glazner, 2014;Davis et al, 2022).…”

Section: An Ore-forming Process By Deposition Of Sulfide Microdropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During percolation, some of the microdroplets may get caught by the pre-existing droplets and contribute to their growth. The absence of the addition of the small globules in most samples of the distal population with the same stratigraphic level as proximal globules can be attributed to the lack of the structural or dynamic traps (e.g., footwall embayment; Yao and Mungall, 2022) which would have drastically reduced magma velocity in recirculation zones and provided prime locations for the collection and deposition of sulfide droplets (Fig. 4.8c).…”

Section: An Ore-forming Process By Deposition Of Sulfide Microdropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrogenesis of Massive Sulfide Ores and Associated Globular Sulfide Texture in Raglan Horizon: Implications for Exploration of Concealed Orebodies at Depth

Li¹

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First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Jim Mungall of the department of Earth Science at Carleton University, for his consistent and generous support, and for his enthusiasm which has motivated me to further pursuits in the field of geology. Jim accepted me as a rookie in the field of magmatic sulfide and showed me a whole new perspective on geology. This work would not be possible without his wisdom and long-lasting patience during the course of my study in Carleton.My gratitude also goes to my friends and colleagues Chris Jenkins, William Smith, Claudia Augustin, Rafael Bacha, Zhuosen Yao, and Nabil Shawwa who have provided me with many suggestions and welcomed me to the family. Special thanks go to Maryam Shahabi Far who has provided valuable and consistent supports in conducting SEM analyses. I would also like to thank Francois Baillargeon and other geology staff at Glencore's Raglan mine for granting me access to the legacy database, for their critical support during the field work, and for their constructive comments. Financial support from Carleton University and the Natural Sciences and EngineeringResearch Council of Canada is greatly appreciated.Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for years of unwavering support and encouragement. I am forever in debt to them. Thank you.v PrefaceThis thesis is presented as three independent chapters (Chapters 2-4) which are drawn directly from manuscripts that are published or in the process of submission to highly rated, peer-reviewed scientific journals at the time of thesis submission. I am the lead author of all the chapters. In all research chapters, the thesis supervisor, Dr. Jim Mungall has been integral to project development, data analysis, modeling, and manuscript editing. Each of these chapters is formatted as a standalone manuscript with an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The supplementary data from each manuscript is compiled and forms the appendices of this thesis. As a result of this formatting choice, there is some repetition, particularly pertaining to regional geology sections.Chapter 2 is titled "Chalcophile element heterogeneity in Ni-Cu-(PGE) orebodies of Raglan Horizon in Cape Smith Belt: Implications for ore-forming processes".

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The multiple sulfur isotope architecture of the Kambalda nickel camp, Western Australia

Staude,

Martin,

Aleshin

et al. 2023

Miner Deposita

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New data on the multiple sulfur isotope signature of Archean sulfides from country rocks and magmatic mineralization at the Moran deposit (Kambalda, Western Australia) were combined with previously published geochemical data to constrain the various stages of the dynamic evolution of this magmatic system, unveiling new insights into the transport mechanisms of sulfide liquids in komatiite magmas. Sulfides in the Archean magmatic and sedimentary host rocks of the komatiites display a unique mass-independent sulfur isotope signature (Δ33S), which records a photochemical reaction of sulfur in an oxygen-poor atmosphere prior to the Great Oxidation Event.Sedimentary rocks that are thought to be assimilated by komatiite show a distinctly positive Δ33S signature (+ 0.9 to + 2.4‰). Early ore sulfides situated above these sedimentary rocks contain relatively few valuable metals and display an overlapping Δ33S range (+ 0.6 to + 1.0‰). Subsequent but still early ore sulfides are situated above basalt, as the sedimentary rocks were thermo-mechanically eroded by the sulfide melt, displaying more mantle-like signatures (+ 0.2 to + 0.3‰) and valuable metal content - indistinguishable from the main ore deposit. This reflects a progressive dilution of the contaminant signature by the magmatic isotope signature of the komatiite liquid. Calculated volumes of the interaction of silicate melt and sulfide melt to explain the metal tenor of the ore and its Δ33S signature indicate a decoupling between chemical and isotopic signatures. This can be explained by upgrading the sulfide melt with valuable metals simultaneously with the dissolution of sulfur in the komatiite melt.

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Transport and deposition of immiscible sulfide liquid during lateral magma flow

Cited by 21 publications

References 169 publications

Lithological influence on sill geometry in sedimentary basins: Controls and recognition in reflection seismic data

Lithological influence on sill geometry in sedimentary basins: Controls and recognition in reflection seismic data

Petrogenesis of Massive Sulfide Ores and Associated Globular Sulfide Texture in Raglan Horizon: Implications for Exploration of Concealed Orebodies at Depth

The multiple sulfur isotope architecture of the Kambalda nickel camp, Western Australia

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