Transport and retention of coarse woody debris in mountain streams: An in situ field experiment of log transport and a field survey of coarse woody debris distribution

Haga, Hirokazu; Kumagai, Tomo’omi; Otsuki, Kyoichi; Ogawa, Shinji

doi:10.1029/2001wr001123

Cited by 105 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As for the length ratio, the draft ratio may affect the probability that a piece is halted (by friction with the stream bed in this case) before it can escape a 10 m section. Although prior research [Braudrick and Grant, 2001;Haga et al, 2002] suggests that draft ratio may be important to entrapment, our analysis found that draft ratio plays a relatively minor role in mobilization.…”

Section: Controls Of Mobilizationcontrasting

confidence: 86%

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Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams

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Johnson³

et al. 2010

Water Resources Research

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[1] Natural pieces of wood provide a variety of ecosystem functions in streams including habitat, organic matter retention, increased hyporheic exchange and transient storage, and enhanced hydraulic and geomorphic heterogeneity. Wood mobilization is a critical process in determining the residence time of wood. We documented the characteristics and locations of 865 natural wood pieces (>0.05 m in diameter for a portion >1 m in length) in nine streams along the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. We determined the locations of the pieces again after an overbank stormflow event to determine the factors that influenced mobilization of stationary wood pieces in natural streams. Seven of 11 potential predictor variables were identified with multiple logistic regression as significant to mobilization: burial, effective depth, ratio of piece length to effective stream width (length ratio), bracing, rootwad presence, downstream force ratio, and draft ratio. The final model (P < 0.001, r 2 = 0.39) indicated that wood mobilization under natural conditions is a complex function of both mechanical factors (burial, length ratio, bracing, rootwad presence, draft ratio) and hydraulic factors (effective depth, downstream force ratio). If stable pieces are a goal for stream management then features such as partial burial, low effective depth, high length relative to channel width, bracing against other objects (e.g., stream banks, trees, rocks, or larger wood pieces), and rootwads are desirable. Using the model equation from this study, stewards of natural resources can better manage in-stream wood for the benefit of stream ecosystems.

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Section: Controls Of Mobilizationcontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…[7] Another study attempted to combine the detailed hydraulic predictions of flume studies with the realism of a field study and determined that mobilization was influenced by the ratio of piece diameter to water depth [Haga et al, 2002]. However, that study had two major limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams

Merten

Finlay

Johnson³

et al. 2010

Water Resources Research

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“…Assuming the shape of the woody debris pieces being cylindrical, and neglecting the influence of buoyancy, the hydrodynamic force can be expressed as follows (Haga et al 2002):…”

Section: Woody Materials Entrainment and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4, the dynamics of a single woody material element with known dimensions can be described within a simplified scheme as follows (Haga et al 2002):…”

Section: Woody Materials Entrainment and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relation between the flow resistance due to the presence of large woody debris (LWD) and increased inundation frequency has been analysed in detail by Shields et al (2001). New insights into the dynamics of wood transport in streams have been achieved by flume experiments (Rickenmann 1997;Braudrick et al 1997;Grant 2000, 2001;Degetto 2000;Haga et al 2002;Curran and Wohl 2003;Bocchiola et al 2006). The interaction of woody material transport with protection measures has been investigated with a special focus on check dams (Bezzola et al 2004;Lange and Bezzola 2006) and on rope nets (Rimböck and Strobl 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling woody material transport and deposition in alpine rivers

Mazzorana

Hübl

Zischg³

et al. 2010

Nat Hazards

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Recent flood events in Switzerland and Western Austria in 2005 were characterised by an increase in impacts and associated losses due to the transport of woody material. As a consequence, protection measures and bridges suffered considerable damages. Furthermore, cross-sectional obstructions due to woody material entrapment caused unexpected flood plain inundations resulting in severe damage to elements at risk. Until now, the transport of woody material is neither sufficiently taken into account nor systematically considered, leading to prediction inaccuracies during the procedure of hazard mapping. To close this gap, we propose a modelling approach that (1) allows the estimation of woody material recruitment from wood-covered banks and flood plains; (2) allows the evaluation of the disposition for woody material entrainment and transport to selected critical configurations along the stream and that (3) enables the delineation of hazard process patterns at these critical configurations. Results from a case study suggest the general applicability of the concept. This contribution to woody material transport analysis refines flood hazard assessments due to the consideration of woody material transport scenarios.

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The influence of geomorphology on large wood dynamics in a low gradient headwater stream

Dixon

Sear

2014

Water Resources Research

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Understanding large wood dynamics is critical for a range of disciplines including flood risk management, ecology and geomorphology. Despite the importance of wood in rivers, our understanding of the mobility of large wood remains limited. In this study individual pieces of large wood were tagged and surveyed over a 32 month period within a third and fourth order lowland forest river. Individual pieces of wood were found to be highly mobile, with 75% of pieces moving during the survey period, and a maximum transport distance of 5.6 km. Multivariate analyses of data from this study and two other published studies identified dimensionless wood length as the important factor in explaining likelihood of movement. A length threshold of 2.5 channel widths is identified for near functional immobility, with few pieces above this size moving. In addition, for this study, wood type, branching complexity, location and dimensionless wood diameter were found to be important in determining mobility only for sinuous reaches with readily inundated floodplains. Where logjams persist over multiple years they were shown to be reworked, with component pieces being transported away and replaced by newly trapped pieces. The findings of this study have implications for river management and restoration. The high mobility observed in this study demonstrates that only very large pieces of wood of length greater than 2.5 channel widths should be considered functionally immobile. For pieces of wood of length less than the channel width the possibility of high rates of mobility and long transport distances should be anticipated.

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Transport and retention of coarse woody debris in mountain streams: An in situ field experiment of log transport and a field survey of coarse woody debris distribution

Cited by 105 publications

References 20 publications

Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams

Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams

Modelling woody material transport and deposition in alpine rivers

The influence of geomorphology on large wood dynamics in a low gradient headwater stream

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