Transport conductivity of graphene at RF and microwave frequencies

Awan, S.A.; Lombardo, Antonio; Colli, A.; Privitera, Giulia; Kulmala, Tero S.; Kivioja, Jani; Koshino, Mikito; Ferrari, Andrea C.

doi:10.1088/2053-1583/3/1/015010

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…The macroelectrode showed typical voltammogram peaks for the fabricated sensor and acceptable detection limit (100pg/mL), whereas the micro-electrodes showed higher sensitivity (1 pg/mL) which may be attributed to better structural properties due to the nearest-neighbour distance as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, and the more favorable electrochemical properties of the micro-electrode relative to the macro-electrode due to the lowered electronic resistance, as evidenced by CV characterization. Future work will aim to modify the proposed sensors by using different carbon materials such as graphene and two-dimensional materials [33] to investigate the electrochemical behavior of different matrices based on the surface area, to enhance the sensitivity and to target different sample types as well as impedance spectroscopy detection techniques [34]. Indeed, the principles of the presented assay can be exploited to fabricate a variety of diagnostic sensors by using different antibodies or aptamers to recognize wide range of biomarkers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Comparison of Macro- and Micro-Electrochemical Biosensors for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Biomarker Detection

et al. 2019

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Selectivity and sensitivity are important figures of merit in the design and optimization of electrochemical biosensors. The efficiency of the fabricated immunosensing surface can easily be influenced by several factors, such as detection limit, non-specific binding, and type of sensing platform. Here, we demonstrate the effect of macro-and micro-sized planner working electrodes (4 mm and 400 µm diameter, respectively) on the electrochemical behavior and the performance of the developed biosensor to detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), please say why hCG here briefly. The fabricated screen-printed sensor was constructed by modifying the carbon macro-and micro-electrodes with a linker, 1-pyrenebutyric acid-Nhydroxysuccinimide ester (PANHS) and immobilization of anti-hCG antibodies to detect specifically the hCG protein. The characterization of the developed electrodes was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Each immunesensing system has its unique electrochemical behavior which might be attributed to arrangement of particles on the surface. However, the smaller surface area of the micro-electrode is found to show higher sensitivity (1 pg/mL) compared to the macro-electrode sensor with a lower detection limit of 100 pg/mL. The proposed assay represents a promising approach that is highly effective for specific detection of an analyte and can be exploited to target biomarkers for a variety of point-of-care diagnostic applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Comparison of Macro- and Micro-Electrochemical Biosensors for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Biomarker Detection

et al. 2019

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“…In fact, graphene can conduct electricity more effectively than copper, which implicates great potential and prospects for countless technological applications. Peculiar aspects of conductivity [7][8][9] and special mobility, [10][11][12][13] magnetotransport, and quantum Hall effect [1] have been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polygonal current models for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and graphene sheets of various shapes

Pelloni

Lazzeretti

2017

J Comput Chem

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Assuming that graphene is an "infinite alternant" polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon resulting from tessellation of a surface by only six-membered carbon rings, planar fragments of various size and shape (hexagon, triangle, rectangle, and rhombus) have been considered to investigate their response to a magnetic field applied perpendicularly. Allowing for simple polygonal current models, the diatropicity of a series of polycyclic textures has been reliably determined by comparing quantitative indicators, the p-electron contribution to I B , the magnetic field-induced current susceptibility of the peripheral circuit, to n k and to r k ðCMÞ52NICS k ðCMÞ, respectively the out-of-plane components of the magnetizability tensor and of the magnetic shielding tensor at the center of mass. Extended numerical tests and the analysis based on the polygonal model demonstrate that (i) n k and r k ðCMÞ yield inadequate and sometimes erroneous measures of diatropicity, as they are heavily flawed by spurious geometrical factors, (ii) I B values computed by simple polygonal models are valid quantitative indicators of aromaticity on the magnetic criterion, preferable to others presently available, whenever current susceptibility cannot be calculated ab initio as a flux integral, (iii) the hexagonal shape is the most effective to maximize the strength of p-electron currents over the molecular perimeter, (iv) the edge current strength of triangular and rhombic graphene fragments is usually much smaller than that of hexagonal ones, (v) doping by boron and nitrogen nuclei can regulate and even inhibit peripheral ring currents, (vi) only for very large rectangular fragments can substantial current strengths be expected.

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“…In [14], the intrinsic resistance of mechanically exfoliated graphene is investigated up to 13.5 GHz based on a conventional parametric model. In this paper, we focus on the exploration of CVD-grown graphene which is desirable for volume production and wafer scale applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Frequency Behavior of CVD Graphene From Dc to 40 GHZ

Wang¹,

Raju²,

Chan³

et al. 2017

PIER C

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Abstract-Electromagnetic behaviour of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene at low frequencies is still a mystery. No conclusion is made from the experimental point of views. We systematically investigate the electromagnetic response of graphene at microwave frequencies, which are from direct current (DC) to 40 GHz. Both a coplanar transmission line embedded with different-sized graphene flakes of 48 × 48 and 48 × 240 µm 2 and a microwave termination based on the graphene sheet of 6 × 6 mm 2 are manufactured through standard microfabrication procedures. We conclude that CVD graphene behaves as a frequency-independent surface resistance at the microwave frequencies, which is consistent with the theoretical model by rigorously solving the Maxwell's equations with the Kubo formula. The work offers a simple, accurate, and conclusive electromagnetic analysis to graphene and thus is of great help to design graphene incorporated microwave components and devices.

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Transport conductivity of graphene at RF and microwave frequencies

Cited by 52 publications

References 72 publications

Sensitivity Comparison of Macro- and Micro-Electrochemical Biosensors for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Biomarker Detection

Sensitivity Comparison of Macro- and Micro-Electrochemical Biosensors for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Biomarker Detection

Polygonal current models for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and graphene sheets of various shapes

Low Frequency Behavior of CVD Graphene From Dc to 40 GHZ

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