Transport in the Brain Extracellular Space: Diffusion, but Which Kind?

Postnikov, Eugene B.; Lavrova, Anastasia I.; Postnov, Dmitry

doi:10.3390/ijms232012401

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…To enhance the accuracy and relevance of these models, future efforts will be directed towards optimizing and establishing convective diffusion models. This advancement will more accurately describe the distribution and transport of substances within the ECS, offering new methods and rationales for drug delivery via the ECS pathway, with the aim of achieving precise control (Postnikov et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is pivotal in critical physiological functions such as sleep, cognition, and sensation formation (Li et al, 2020). The diffusion properties of the brain extracellular space (ECS) are vital for understanding physiological and pathological changes in the central nervous system, significantly affecting human behaviour and health (Postnikov et al, 2022;Tønnesen et al, 2023;Wang et al, 2023). However, in vivo detection of the brain extracellular space poses significant challenges, only 38 to 64 nanometres, restricting our comprehensive understanding of its structure and function.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An imaging system of measuring molecular diffusion in the brain extracellular space

Zhang,

Ren,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Purpose: To develop a novel method to simultaneously obtain the structural and functional characteristics of the brain extracellular space. Materials and Methods: Design and develop a magnetic tracing imaging analysis method compatible with impedance measurement using Michigan electrodes, synchronously obtaining brain extracellular space structural and electrical characteristic parameters. Twelve adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the first group was tested using traditional magnetic tracing techniques (n=6), while the second group was tested with a magnetic tracing detection system compatible with impedance measurement applied (n=6). Parameters such as diffusion coefficients, volume fraction and electrical characteristic parameters were calculated and compared. Visualisation of the tissue fluid drainage process was also conducted. Results: The system can synchronously obtain structural and impedance characteristic parameters of extracellular molecular diffusion in the mouse brain. The comparison results show a decrease in the molecular diffusion coefficient in the extracellular gaps (t=4.748, P＜0.01) and a reduction in the diffusion rate and volume fraction of extracellular gaps (t=7.77, P＜0.01). Additionally, electrical parameters of the extracellular gaps were measured, with a conductivity of 2.006 S/m, a dielectric constant of 84.77, a calculated diffusion rate of 3.54*10-4mm2/s, and a volume fraction of 17.43%, consistent with the data obtained from the magnetic tracing method. Conclusion: This system can simultaneously acquire the structural and functional characteristics of ECS, laying the foundation for a new method of neural regulation through the ECS pathway.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An imaging system of measuring molecular diffusion in the brain extracellular space

Zhang,

Ren,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…S13, the sizes of mCNT aggregates were 0.282 ± 0.009, 0.240 ± 0.012, and 0.198 ± 0.011 μm, respectively ( n = 300 aggregates at each time point, error bar: SE); and the sizes of mCNT CD44 aggregates were 0.325 ± 0.013, 0.256 ± 0.011, and 0.166 ± 0.010 μm, respectively ( n = 300 aggregates at each time point, error bar: SE). Over time, nanomaterials may be engulfed by microglia ( 43 , 44 ), transported by cerebellum fluid ( 45 , 46 ), and circulated toward the kidney and intestine for excretion through the biliary and renal pathways ( 47 , 48 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical nanosurgery of chemoresistant glioblastoma using magnetically controlled carbon nanotubes

et al. 2023

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. Despite multimodal treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, median patient survival has remained at ~15 months for decades. This situation demands an outside-the-box treatment approach. Using magnetic carbon nanotubes (mCNTs) and precision magnetic field control, we report a mechanical approach to treat chemoresistant GBM. We show that GBM cells internalize mCNTs, the mobilization of which by rotating magnetic field results in cell death. Spatiotemporally controlled mobilization of intratumorally delivered mCNTs suppresses GBM growth in vivo. Functionalization of mCNTs with anti-CD44 antibody, which recognizes GBM cell surface–enriched antigen CD44, increases mCNT recognition of cancer cells, prolongs mCNT enrichment within the tumor, and enhances therapeutic efficacy. Using mouse models of GBM with upfront or therapy-induced resistance to temozolomide, we show that mCNT treatment is effective in treating chemoresistant GBM. Together, we establish mCNT-based mechanical nanosurgery as a treatment option for GBM.

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“…There is an emerging understanding that the corresponding processes can include not only normal Fickian (Brownian) diffusion (sometimes with a position-dependent diffusion coefficient) but also Brownian-yet-not-Gaussian diffusion, and subdiffusion, see e.g. [6] for a review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subdiffusion in an array of solid obstacles

Postnikov,

Sokolov

2024

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

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More than a decade ago, I. Goychuk reported on a universal behavior of subdiﬀusive motion (as described by the generalized Langevin equation) in a onedimensional bounded periodic potential [Goychuk I, 2009 Physical Review E 80 046125] where the numerical ﬁndings show that the long-time behavior of the mean squared displacement is not inﬂuenced by the potential, so that the behavior in the potential, under homogenization, is the same as in its absence. This property may break down if the potential is unbounded. In the present work, we report on the results of simulations of subdiﬀusion in a two-dimensional periodic array of solid obstacles (i.e., in an unbounded potential) with diﬀerent packing fractions. It is revealed that the universal subdiﬀusive behavior at long times is not inﬂuenced by the presence of solid scatterers, whose presence inﬂuences the behavior at intermediate times only. This result is discussed as having possible relations to the emerging problem of interpretation of results on trajectories of tracers spreading in the brain’s extracellular space.

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Transport in the Brain Extracellular Space: Diffusion, but Which Kind?

Cited by 15 publications

References 101 publications

An imaging system of measuring molecular diffusion in the brain extracellular space

An imaging system of measuring molecular diffusion in the brain extracellular space

Mechanical nanosurgery of chemoresistant glioblastoma using magnetically controlled carbon nanotubes

Subdiffusion in an array of solid obstacles

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