Transport of artificial virus-like nanocarriers through intestinal monolayers via microfold cells

Abstract

<p>Compared with subcutaneous or intramuscular routes for vaccination, vaccine delivery via gastrointestinal mucosa has tremendous potential as it is easy to administer and pain free. Robust immune responses can be...</p>

Engineering Nano‐ and Microparticles as Oral Delivery Vehicles to Promote Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport

“…membranes. [204,240] These experimental results demonstrate that AVNs can function as an M cell-targeting vaccine/drug transport vehicle.…”

“…[186,187] Table 2 lists major ligands that have been used for the development of ILS-targeting delivery systems, along with their corresponding receptors/transporters on M cells. The use of M cell-targeting vehicles, including lipidbased particles (Table 4), [39,51,62,[188][189][190][191][192][193] polymeric particles (Table 5), [103,105,176,178,[194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202] and inorganic particles (Table 6), [203][204][205][206] to deliver mucosal vaccines or therapeutics against infections, inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancers is described below.…”

Recent Progress in the Diagnosis and Precise Nanocarrier-Mediated Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Metal nanoparticle-based composite DDSs are designed and developed to increase biocompatibility. 18 For example, Au nanoparticles coated with tiopronin and smaller than 10 nm were introduced to verify the treatment efficiency. 55 Compared with nanoparticles larger than 10 nm, the system with the smaller nanoparticles can be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells faster and diffuse through the interior of the cells.…”

“…Therapeutic agents can be loaded to nanoparticles by encapsulation, surface attachment, or entrapment. 12 For decades, the DDSs such as lipid nanoparticles, 13 polymer nanoparticles, 14 mesoporous nanoparticles (eg, MSN, MPDA), 15 chitosan nanoparticles, 16 hydrogel nanoparticles 17 and metal nanoparticles 18 have been used in delivering therapeutics for managing disease (Figure 1). The goal of nanomedicine-mediated IBD therapy is to protect drugs from premature release and degradation to achieve targeted accumulation in the inflamed area.…”

Nano dimensions/adjuvants in COVID-19 vaccines

“…Proteins, mRNA and DNA are either self-assembled at nanometer scale, are contained in particles mimicking a virus through their shape, i.e. VLP, 140 or are associated with various types of NM (vesicles, polymers, polysaccharide, liposomes). mRNA and DNA present the advantage of potentially enabling antigen fabrication for all types of pathogens once their genetic codes have been identified.…”