Transport of biochar colloids in saturated porous media in the presence of humic substances or proteins

Yang, Wen; Bradford, Scott A.; Wang, Yang; Sharma, Prabhakar; Shang, Jianying; Li, Baoguo

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.075

Cited by 71 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…As gravimetric determination of the pore volume of the biofilters was impractical, the pore volume (PV) of each biofilter was assumed to be 13.3 L, equivalent to 40% of the estimated total porous media volume. This reflects the porosity measured previously in smaller biofilters packed in the same manner and containing the same media [19,26,39].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Fecal indicator bacteria and virus removal in stormwater biofilters: Effects of biochar, media saturation, and field conditioning

Kranner

Afrooz²,

Fitzgerald

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Stormwater biofilters are used to attenuate the flow and volume of runoff and reduce pollutant loading to aquatic systems. However, the capacity of biofilters to remove microbial contaminants remains inadequate. While biochar has demonstrated promise as an amendment to improve microbial removal in laboratory-scale biofilters, it is uncertain if the results are generalizable to the field. To assess biochar performance in a simulated field setting, sand and biochar-amended sand biofilters were periodically dosed with natural stormwater over a 61-week conditioning phase. Impact of media saturation was assessed by maintaining biofilters with and without a saturated zone. Biochar-amended biofilters demonstrated improved Escherichia coli removal over sand biofilters during the first 31 weeks of conditioning though media type did not impact E. coli removal during the last 30 weeks of conditioning. Presence of a saturated zone was not a significant factor influencing E. coli removal across the entire conditioning phase. Following conditioning, biofilters underwent challenge tests using stormwater spiked with wastewater to assess their capacity to remove wastewater-derived E. coli, enterococci, and male-specific (F+) coliphage. In challenge tests, biochar-amended biofilters demonstrated enhanced removal of all fecal indicators relative to sand biofilters. Additionally, saturated biofilters demonstrated greater removal of fecal indicators than unsaturated biofilters for both media types. Discrepant conclusions from the conditioning phase and challenge tests may be due to variable influent chemistry, dissimilar transport of E. coli indigenous to stormwater and those indigenous to wastewater, and differences in E. coli removal mechanisms between tests. Mobilization tests conducted following challenge tests showed minimal (<2.5%) observable mobilization of fecal indicators, regardless of media type and presence of a saturated zone. While our results emphasize the challenge of translating biochar’s performance from the laboratory to the field, findings of this study inform biofilter design to remove microbial contaminants from urban stormwater.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Fecal indicator bacteria and virus removal in stormwater biofilters: Effects of biochar, media saturation, and field conditioning

Kranner

Afrooz²,

Fitzgerald

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Contaminant migration associated with colloids in saturated porous material has been studied by many researchers (Yan et al 2019;Yang et al 2019). As colloidal sorption capacity for heavy metals is usually high, colloids can act as heavy metal carriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating colloid-associated transport of cadmium and lead in a clayey soil under preferential flow conditions

Zhang

Jiang

Sun

2021

Water Science and Technology

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Colloids have a high adsorption capacity and can be mobile under preferential flow, and so may facilitate heavy metal migration. Heavy metal migration with soil colloids in a clayey soil under preferential flow conditions was investigated through experiments. Adsorption tests were carried out to determine the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ to the clay and colloids. The preferential flow characteristics in the soil column were investigated by dye tracing tests. The mobility of soil colloids in the soil column was studied by breakthrough tests. Leaching tests of cadmium and lead with and without colloids were carried out conditions. The adsorption tests showed that soil colloids adsorbed more cadmium and lead than the silty clay. The dye tracing tests showed that moderate preferential flow in the soil column can be obtained by choosing clod-size distribution and dry density. The co-leaching test showed that the outflow of cadmium and lead was 1.49 and 33.88 times greater with colloids than without, respectively. The heavy metals adsorbed onto clay and the pore concentrations were both lower with colloids than without, indicating more heavy metals migrated downward with colloids. The migration of cadmium and lead was greatly enhanced by colloids under preferential flow conditions.

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“…There is an abundance of literature covering the use of ENPs, including carbon-based ENPs (e.g. graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes) on inorganic contaminant removal from aqueous solutions, typically focused on recovery of heavy metals from industrial wastewater (Maitlo et al 2019 ; Yang et al 2019a , b ; Lal et al 2020 ). There is limited research on utilizing PBNPs for heavy metal remediation, nor are there reviews on the topic.…”

Section: Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles: a review of surface chemistry, contaminant mobility, and future research avenues to fill the gaps

Swaren

Safari

Konhauser

et al. 2022

Biochar

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Nanoparticles are abundant in the subsurface, soil, streams, and water bodies, and are often a critical control on elemental speciation, transport and cycling in the natural environment. This review provides an overview of pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles (PBNPs), their surface properties and reactivity towards aqueous species. We focus specifically on biochar-derived nanoparticles and activated carbon-derived nanoparticles which fall under our classification of PBNPs. Activated carbon-iron (nano)composites are included in some instances where there are significant gaps in literature because of their environmental relevance. Increased use of activated carbon, along with a resurgence in the manufacture and application of biochar for water treatment and soil amendment, has generated significant concerns about the mobility and toxicity of PBNPs derived from the bulk material in environmental applications. Recent examples are discussed to highlight current progress in understanding the influence of PBNPs on contaminant transport, followed by a critical discussion of gaps and future research directions. Graphical Abstract

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Transport of biochar colloids in saturated porous media in the presence of humic substances or proteins

Cited by 71 publications

References 79 publications

Fecal indicator bacteria and virus removal in stormwater biofilters: Effects of biochar, media saturation, and field conditioning

Fecal indicator bacteria and virus removal in stormwater biofilters: Effects of biochar, media saturation, and field conditioning

Investigating colloid-associated transport of cadmium and lead in a clayey soil under preferential flow conditions

Pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles: a review of surface chemistry, contaminant mobility, and future research avenues to fill the gaps

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