Transport of biomass burning smoke to the upper troposphere by deep convection in the equatorial region

Andreae, Meinrat O.; Artaxo, Paulo; Fischer, H.; Freitas, Saulo R.; Grégoire, J.-M.; Hansel, Armin; Hoor, Peter; Kormann, R.; Krejci, Radovan; Lange, L.; Lelieveld, Jos; Lindinger, W.; Longo, Karla M.; Peters, Wouter; Reus, M. de; Scheeren, H. A.; Dias, Maria A. F. Silva; Ström, Johan; Velthoven, P. F. J. van; Williams, Jonathan

doi:10.1029/2000gl012391

Cited by 265 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(15 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

182

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The BL is capped by an inversion layer at 3.0 km, which was observed on several flights during the campaign. This so-called trade wind inversion has been reported in different studies on tropical regions and is known to act as an effective transport barrier so that trace species can accumulate in the BL (Schubert et al, 1995;Gouget et al, 1996;Andreae et al, 2001). The vertical profile of CO shows a high mixing ratio of (131.7 ± 10.1) ppbv in the lower troposphere and a slightly lower value of (116.0 ± 4.3) ppbv in the outflow region.…”

Section: Convective Transport Of Ozone-rich Air and The Role Of Entramentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The formation of ozone eventually becomes less efficient in a high-NO x environment (Liu et al, 1987;Lin et al, 1988). In general, ozone production in convective outflow regions vary over a wide range, from ozone destruction or small net production in remote marine regions (Wang and Prinn, 2000;Mari et al, 2003) to significant net ozone production of several tens of ppbv d −1 in biomass burning plumes transported into the free troposphere (Roelofs et al, 1997;Andreae et al, 2001). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Convective redistribution of ozone and its precursors between the boundary layer (BL) and the free troposphere (FT) influences photochemistry, in particular in the middle and upper troposphere (UT). We present a case study of convective transport during the GABRIEL campaign over the tropical rain forest in Suriname in October 2005. During one measurement flight the inflow and outflow regions of a cumulonimbus cloud (Cb) have been characterized. We identified a distinct layer between 9 and 11 km altitude with enhanced mixing ratios of CO, O 3 , HO x , acetone and acetonitrile. The elevated O 3 contradicts the expectation that convective transport brings low-ozone air from the boundary layer to the outflow region. Entrainment of ozone-rich air is estimated to account for 62 % (range: 33-91 %) of the observed O 3 . Ozone is enhanced by only 5-6 % by photochemical production in the outflow due to enhanced NO from lightning, based on model calculations using observations including the first reported HO x measurements over the tropical rainforest. The "excess" ozone in the outflow is most probably due to direct production by corona discharge associated with lightning. We deduce a production rate of 5.12 × 10 28 molecules O 3 flash −1 (range: 9.89 × 10 26 -9.82 × 10 28 molecules O 3 flash −1 ), which is at the upper limit of the range reported previously.

show abstract

Section: Convective Transport Of Ozone-rich Air and The Role Of Entramentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some measurements showed an unexpected increase of trace gas concentrations above 10 km. Employing back trajectories calculations, Andreae et al (2001) concluded that it originated from savanna fires further downwind that were vertically transported by deep convection and brought equatorward by the upper level circulation. Analysis of aerosol size distributions indicated a possible formation of new particles near the detrainment zone of deep convection (Krejci et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A permanent Raman lidar station in the Amazon: description, characterization, and first results

Barbosa¹,

Barja²,

Pauliquevis

et al. 2014

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A permanent UV Raman lidar station, designed to perform continuous measurements of aerosols and water vapor and aiming to study and monitor the atmosphere from weather to climatic time scales, became operational in the central Amazon in July 2011. The automated data acquisition and internet monitoring enabled extended hours of daily measurements when compared to a manually operated instrument. This paper gives a technical description of the system, presents its experimental characterization and the algorithms used for obtaining the aerosol optical properties and identifying the cloud layers. Data from one week of measurements during the dry season of 2011 were analyzed as a mean to assess the overall system capability and performance. Both Klett and Raman inversions were successfully applied. A comparison of the aerosol optical depth from the lidar and from a co-located Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer showed a correlation coefficient of 0.86. By combining nighttime measurements of the aerosol lidar ratio (50-65 sr), back-trajectory calculations and fire spots observed from satellites, we showed that observed particles originated from biomass burning. Cirrus clouds were observed in 60 % of our measurements. Most of the time they were distributed into three layers between 11.5 and 13.4 km a.g.l. The systematic and long-term measurements being made by this new scientific facility have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of the climatic implications of the anthropogenic changes in aerosol concentrations over the pristine Amazonia.

show abstract

“…Biomass burn haze can be transported to high altitudes and undergo long-range transport, hence impacting the global climate. 12,13 Since the CCN activity of organic aerosols depends strongly on the type and concentration of different organic compounds, one of the key factors determining the interplay of direct and indirect effects of biomass burn aerosols on the earth's radiation budget is their chemical composition. The overall climate and environmental effects of increasing atmospheric aerosol concentrations remain largely unknown, primarily due to large uncertainties in the chemical composition of organic aerosols as well as a limited understanding of the chemical transformations and atmospheric lifetimes of particles due to atmospheric processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenated Interface on Biomass Burn Tar Balls Determined by Single Particle Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbonaceous particles originating from biomass burning can account for a large fraction of organic aerosols in a local environment. Presently, their composition, physical and chemical properties, as well as their environmental effects are largely unknown. Tar balls, a distinct type of highly spherical carbonaceous biomass burn particles, have been observed in a number of field campaigns. The Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study that took place in summer 2002 occurred during an active fire season in the western United States; tar balls collected during this field campaign are described in this article. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy are used to determine the shape, structure, and size-dependent chemical composition of ∼150 individual spherical particles ranging in size from 0.15 to 1.2 μm. The elemental composition of tar balls is ∼55% atomic carbon and ∼45% atomic oxygen. Oxygen is present primarily as carboxylic carbonyls and oxygen-substituted alkyl (O-alkyl-C) functional groups, followed by moderate amounts of ketonic carbonyls. The observed chemical composition, density, and carbon functional groups are distinctly different from soot or black carbon and more closely resemble high molecular weight polymeric humic-like substances, which could account for their reported optical properties. A detailed examination of the carboxylic carbonyl and O-alkyl-C functional groups as a function of particle size reveals a thin oxygenated interface layer. The high oxygen content, as well as the presence of water-soluble carboxylic carbonyl groups, could account for the reported hygroscopic properties of tar balls. The presence of the oxygenated layer is attributed to atmospheric processing of biomass burn particles.

show abstract

Transport of biomass burning smoke to the upper troposphere by deep convection in the equatorial region

Abstract: Abstract. During LBA-CLAIRE-98, we found atmospheric layers with aged biomass smoke at altitudes > 10 km over Suriname. CO, CO2, acetonitrile, methyl chloride, hydrocarbons, NO, 03, and aerosols were strongly enhanced in these layers. We estimate

Cited by 265 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL

Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL

A permanent Raman lidar station in the Amazon: description, characterization, and first results

Oxygenated Interface on Biomass Burn Tar Balls Determined by Single Particle Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About