Transport of closed ring containing chiral active particles under transversal temperature difference

Abstract

Active matter is a new and challenging field of physics. Chiral active particle experiences a constant torque and performs circular motion due to the self-propulsion force not aligning with the propulsion direction. Recently, most studies on the active particle systems focus on constant temperature, and have not referred to the constraints by the barriers. In our paper, rectification of a ring containing chiral active particles with transversal temperature difference is numerically investigated in a two-dimensional periodic channel. It is found that the ring powered by chiral active particles can be rectified in the transversal temperature difference and the direction of the transport is determined by the chirality of active particles. The average velocity is a peaked function of angular velocity, the temperature of the lower wall or temperature difference. Transport behaviors are qualitatively different for the ring containing one chiral active particle or several particles. Especially, the ring radius can strongly affect the transport. For the ring containing one chiral active particle, the interaction between particles and the ring facilitates the rectification of the ring when the circular trajectory radius of chiral particles is large. The average velocity decreases with the increase of the ring radius because the propelling force to the ring by the particles is small. When the circular trajectory radius is small, the interaction between particles and the ring suppresses the transport. The speed increases as increasing the ring radius because the directional transport comes from the difference of temperature between the upper and lower wall. For the ring containing several particles, the interaction between particles reduces the rectification of the ring. The average velocity increases with the increase of the ring radius due to the interaction between particles decreases. Remarkably, the velocity of the ring decreases as the particle number increases when the ring radius is small, but is a peak function when the ring radius is not small. Our results offer new possibilities for a flow manipulation of active particle at the microscale, and can be applied practically in propelling carriers and motors by a bath of bacteria or artificial microswimmers, such as hybrid micro-device engineering, drug delivery, micro-fluidics, and lab-on-chip technology.