Transport of Coliphage PRD1 in a Surface Flow Constructed Wetland

Vidales-Contreras, Juan Antonio; Gerba, Charles P.; Karpiscak, Martin M.; Acuña‐Askar, Karim; Cháidez‐Quiroz, Cristóbal

doi:10.2175/106143006x111934

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, studies that examined the transport or removal of pathogenic viruses in wetlands (e.g. Neralla & Weaver, 2000;Vidales-Contreras et al, 2006) were included, as these may provide important information on the behaviour of naturally occurring viruses. A study on virus-like particles in wetlands (Stott & Tanner, 2005) was included for similar reasons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses in wetland ecosystems

Jackson

2008

Freshwater Biology

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1. We review studies of viruses in natural and constructed wetlands, focusing on the importance of surfaces as viral habitat, and differences in viral ecology between wetlands and other aquatic ecosystems. 2. Viruses in natural wetlands are predominantly associated with sediment, macrophytes and other submerged surfaces. In constructed wetlands, these surfaces are critical to the removal of viral pathogens and indicator organisms from wastewater. 3. Interactions between viruses and other ecosystem components have rarely been examined in wetlands, and the role of viruses in regulating wetland microbial communities is unclear. Environmental factors such as temperature and flooding regime are important abiotic controllers of viral abundances in wetlands but few studies have examined how abiotic or biotic factors affect community structure. Even basic information on wetland viral diversity is lacking. 4. Future research should include broad surveys of different types of wetlands, an emphasis on differences between microhabitats, and an increased use of molecular approaches to examine wetland viral diversity and its relationship to microbial community structure. Such studies should consider wetlands as part of the broader landscape, and emphasize interactions between wetlands and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses in wetland ecosystems

Jackson

2008

Freshwater Biology

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“…Lastly, Vidales-Contreras and colleagues have performed a number of tracer experiments with seeded PRD1 and bromine that largely corroborate the findings discussed above. They have shown that PRD1 persists for longer than MS2 in HSSF wetlands and is thus a more conservative indicator (Vidales et al, 2003), that overall reduction rates are greater than inactivation rates (decay rates of −1.17 −d vs. −0.16 −d , respectively) suggesting that physical removal via initial adsorption is a more important than virus inactivation in HSSF systems (Vidales et al, 2003), and that plant and media surface area are critical to efficient virus reduction, observing greater reduction of PRD1 in HSSF than FWS systems (Vidales-Contreras et al, 2006), reporting a PRD1 LR of Above we have shown that GW constructed wetlands as a single unit process cannot reliably meet all reuse criteria; however, neither can traditional wastewater treatment unit processes, as evidenced by the need for final polishing or disinfection unit processes at wastewater treatment plants. Constructed wetlands can however generally provide 1-2 LR for most pathogen indicators and species including conservative viral indicators, particularly if media contact time is emphasized.…”

Section: The Ranges Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructed wetlands for greywater recycle and reuse: A review

Arden

2018

Science of The Total Environment

159

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Concern over dwindling water supplies for urban areas as well as environmental degradation from existing urban water systems has motivated research into more resilient and sustainable water supply strategies. Greywater reuse has been suggested as a way to diversify local water supply portfolios while at the same time lessening the burden on existing environments and infrastructure. Constructed wetlands have been proposed as an economically and energetically efficient unit process to treat greywater for reuse purposes, though their ability to consistently meet applicable water quality standards, microbiological in particular, is questionable. We therefore review the existing case study literature to summarize the treatment performance of greywater wetlands in the context of chemical, physical and microbiological water quality standards. Based on a cross-section of different types of wetlands, including surface flow, subsurface flow, vertical and recirculating vertical flow, across a range of operating conditions, we show that although microbiological standards cannot reliably be met, given either sufficient retention time or active recirculation, chemical and physical standards can. We then review existing case study literature for typical water supply disinfection unit processes including chlorination, ozonation and ultraviolet radiation treating either raw or treated greywater specifically. An evaluation of effluent water quality from published wetland case studies and the expected performance from disinfection processes shows that under appropriate conditions these two unit processes together can likely produce effluent of sufficient quality to meet all nonpotable reuse standards. Specifically, we suggest that recycling vertical flow wetlands combined with ultraviolet radiation disinfection and chlorine residual is the best combination to reliably meet the standards.

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“…These rates represent net losses of P22 in the water column and are similar to the rates reported in the literature for surface waters. For example, a value of 0.3 per day was reported in ref for bacteriophage PRD1 in a constructed wetland with significant surface flow. We notice that similar values of k I were obtained for both reaches, suggesting comparable solar inactivation effects in the two reaches.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In natural streams, statistical approaches were used in the past (e.g., refs and ). Earlier studies mostly focused on virus removal in constructed wetlands – and waste stabilization ponds . In a study conducted on the Areuse River in Switzerland , bacteriophage H40/1 was used with the chemical tracer uranine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Bacteriophage P22 as a Tracer in a Complex Surface Water System: The Grand River, Michigan

Phanikumar

Fong

Aslam

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Viruses are important pathogens in both marine and fresh water environments. There is a strong interest in using bacteriophages as tracers because of their role as model viruses, since dissolved chemical tracers may not adequately describe the behavior of viruses that are suspended colloids. Despite a large number of studies that examined the transport of bacteriophages in the subsurface environment, few studies examined phage transport in large and complex surface water systems. In this paper we report the results of a dual tracer study on a 40 km reach of the Grand River, the longest river in Michigan, and we examine the performance of bacteriophage P22 relative to a chemical tracer (Rhodamine WT). Our analysis based on the transient storage (TS) model indicated that P22 can be successfully used as a tracer in complex surface water environments. Estimated P22 inactivation rates were found to be in the range 0.27-0.57 per day (0.12-0.25 log10 per day). The highest inactivation rate was found in a reach with high suspended solids concentration, relatively low dissolved organic carbon content, and sediment with high clay content. Estimated TS model parameters for both tracers were found to be consistent with surficial geology and land use patterns. Maximum storage zone sizes for the two tracers were found in different river reaches, indicating that different processes contributed to TS within the same reach for the two tracers. This model can be used to examine the arrival times and concentrations of human viral pathogens released from untreated sewage at recreational areas.

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Transport of Coliphage PRD1 in a Surface Flow Constructed Wetland

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Viruses in wetland ecosystems

Viruses in wetland ecosystems

Constructed wetlands for greywater recycle and reuse: A review

Evaluating Bacteriophage P22 as a Tracer in a Complex Surface Water System: The Grand River, Michigan

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