Transport of<i>Escherichia coli</i>,<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>, and Microspheres in Biochar-Amended Soils with Different Textures

Abit, Sergio M.; Bolster, Carl H.; Cantrell, Keri B.; Flores, Jessamine Q.; Walker, Sharon L.

doi:10.2134/jeq2013.06.0236

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Biochar was mixed with acid-washed sand at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% (by volume) and placed on a roller table at approximately 50 rpm and allowed to mix overnight. These concentrations are similar to those in previously published studies (Abit et al 2012(Abit et al , 2014Bolster and Abit 2012). Following mixing, sand-biochar mixtures were stored in polypropylene or glass bottles at room temperature until column and batch sorption experiments.…”

Section: Biochar and Sand Preparationsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…While several studies have investigated various materials and industrial byproducts for reducing nutrient and pesticide concentrations in tile-drainage waters (Vandermoere et al 2018), little research has focused on reducing concentrations of microorganisms in tile-drainage waters. Based on studies showing that biochar can increase bacterial retention by several orders of magnitude in sand-packed columns (Abit et al 2012(Abit et al , 2014Bolster and Abit 2012), biochar has been investigated as an amendment to reduce pathogen and indicator organisms in biofilters treating stormwater runoff (Afrooz et al 2018;Lau et al 2017;Mohanty and Boehm 2014a, b;Mohanty et al 2014). Similarly, biochar may be a suitable amendment for use in end-of-tile filter systems to remove indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in tile-drainage waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of sand size on bacterial retention in biochar-amended sand filters

Bolster

2019

Biochar

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The addition of biochar to sand columns can enhance the retention of bacteria and thus may provide a management strategy for removing bacteria from tile-drainage waters. In this study, the role of sand size as a factor in controlling microbial retention in biochar-amended sand columns was investigated. Laboratory column experiments were conducted to quantify the removal of two bacterial isolates (E. coli and Salmonella) and polystyrene microspheres in 10-cm-long columns packed with clean sand of three different sizes (0.25, 0.71, and 1.19 mm) at four biochar concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Sorption studies were also performed to help identify the relative roles of sorption and physical straining on the removal of bacteria and microspheres within the columns. For the large sand, the log 10 removal values (LRV) for E. coli increased from 0.22 to 0.49 for the 0% and 15% biochar concentrations, respectively, while LRV for Salmonella increased from 0.19 to 0.68. For the small sand, increasing biochar concentration from 0% to 15% increased LRV from 0.11 to 1.9 for E. coli and from 0.20 to 4.6 for Salmonella. In comparison, LRV for microspheres in the 15% biochar columns was only minimally higher than the unamended columns for all three sand sizes. Results from the sorption studies show that high sorption coefficients generally correlated with high LRV indicating that sorption rather than physical straining was the primary mechanism of retention in the columns. Results from this study further our understanding of bacterial retention in biochar-amended porous media. Article Highlights • Sand size can affect microbial retention in biochar-amended sand • Effect of sand size on bacterial retention varied depending on bacterial strain • Minimal retention of microspheres within biochar-amended sand columns indicates minimal physical straining

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Section: Biochar and Sand Preparationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sand size on bacterial retention in biochar-amended sand filters

Bolster

2019

Biochar

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“…In a follow-up study, Abit et al [65] investigated the role of biochar feedstock (poultry litter and pine chips), pyrolysis temperature (350 and 700°C), application rate (1 and 2 %), and soil moisture content (50 and 100 %) on the transport of two E. coli isolates through a fine sand soil. The authors reported that both high-temperature biochars reduced E. coli transport at the 2 % application rate, with substantially greater reductions observed with the pine chip biochar.…”

Section: Biochar Impact On Pathogen Transport and Microbial Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Health, Crop Productivity, Microbial Transport, and Mine Spoil Response to Biochars

et al. 2016

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Biochars vary widely in pH, surface area, nutrient concentration, porosity, and metal binding capacity due to the assortment of feedstock materials and thermal conversion conditions under which it is formed. The wide variety of chemical and physical characteristics have resulted in biochar being used as an amendment to rebuild soil health, improve crop yields, increase soil water storage, and restore soils/spoils impacted by mining. Meta-analysis of the biochar literature has shown mixed results when using biochar as a soil amendment to improve crop productivity. For example, in one meta-analysis, biochar increased crop yield by approximately 10 %, while in another, approximately 50 % of the studies reported minimal to no crop yield increases. In spite of the mixed crop yield reports, biochars have properties that can improve soil health characteristics, by increasing carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient and water retention. Biochars also have the ability to bind enteric microbes and enhance metal binding in soils impacted by mining. In this review, we present examples of both effective and ineffective uses of biochar to improve soil health for agricultural functions and reclamation of degraded mine spoils. Biochars are expensive to manufacture and cannot be purged from soil after application, so for efficient use, they should be targeted for specific uses in agricultural and environmental sectors. Thus, we introduce the designer biochar concept as an alternate paradigm stating that biochars should be designed with properties that are tailored to specific soil deficiencies or problems. We then demonstrate how careful selection of biochars can increase their effectiveness as a soil amendment.

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“…Numerous researchers have found biochar effective in increasing retention of nutrients (Laird et al, 2010;Lehmann, 2007;Schnell et al, 2012;Zhai et al, 2015) and water (Beck et al, 2011;Novak et al, 2009, Ulyett et al, 2014 in soils, with water retention linked to increased pore space and surface area after biochar addition (Basso et al, 2013;Uzoma et al, 2011). Leaching of microbes such as E. coli decreased in response to biochar treatment (Abit et al, 2014;Bolster and Abit, 2012;Mohanty et al, 2014). A similar effect on heavy metals has been documented (Park et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2013), attributed to increased soil cation exchange capacity and sorption potential.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Previous studies indicated that biochar was added to organic amendments at rates ranging from 0.5% to 10% on a w/w basis (Abit et al, 2012(Abit et al, , 2014Beck et al, 2011;Bolster et al, 2012;Laird et al, 2010;Mohanty et al, 2014;Zhai et al, 2015). We selected the near-median biochar addition rate of 5% (w/w) for the horse manure and, in anticipation of a higher nutrient content, 8% (w/w) for the municipal biosolids.…”

Section: Amendmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biochar Treatment of Municipal Biosolids and Horse Manure on Quality of Runoff from Fescue Plots

2017

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Land-applied horse manure and municipal biosolids can increase nutrient and bacteria concentrations in runoff. Biochar has been demonstrated to have beneficial impacts on nutrient retention and runoff quality when used to treat other land-applied organic soil amendments (e.g., poultry manure). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar addition to horse manure and municipal biosolids on runoff concentrations of nutrients and fecal coliforms. Biochar was added at 5% to 8% (wet basis) to horse manure and biosolids that were applied to 2.4 m  6.1 m fescue plots followed by application of simulated rainfall (102 mm h-1). Analysis of runoff samples indicated that soil hydraulic characteristics, as reflected in the runoff curve number (CN), were a significant covariate for some analytical parameters. Analysis of covariance indicated that biochar addition decreased runoff concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N) when added to municipal biosolids, with all effects more prominent at higher CN values. When added to horse manure, biochar decreased runoff concentrations of NH 3-N, total suspended solids, and fecal coliforms. Although runoff concentrations of total P and TKN increased with CN, there was no significant biochar effect on these parameters when added to horse manure. The findings indicate potential for biochar addition to improve runoff quality when added to these organic amendments, but the effects may be dependent on the receiving soil's runoff production characteristics.

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Transport ofEscherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium, and Microspheres in Biochar-Amended Soils with Different Textures

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Role of sand size on bacterial retention in biochar-amended sand filters

Role of sand size on bacterial retention in biochar-amended sand filters

Soil Health, Crop Productivity, Microbial Transport, and Mine Spoil Response to Biochars

Effects of Biochar Treatment of Municipal Biosolids and Horse Manure on Quality of Runoff from Fescue Plots

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