Transport of intercalated anions in graphite according to Walden's rule

Tormin, Ulf; Beck, F.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(94)00329-y

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The slopes and two sets of potential data for 10 and 1 5~ H2SO4 are summarized in Table 5. Charge-transfer kinetics at the phase boundary electrode (GIC)/electrolyte is due to ions [16], and exchange current densities were measured of io = 0.6 Ncm2 in 18 M H2SO4 but 0.014.1 Ncm2 in 1 M LiC104 in aprotic solvents [149,151]. The strong concentration effect represented by Fig.…”

Section: Acceptor (A)-type Gicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite, Carbonaceous Materials and Organic Solids as Active Electrodes in Metal‐Free Batteries

Beck

1997

Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering

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Section: Acceptor (A)-type Gicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite, Carbonaceous Materials and Organic Solids as Active Electrodes in Metal‐Free Batteries

Beck

1997

Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering

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“…These defects are localized; indeed, they cannot move from the lattice positions where they originate. Differently, H 2 SO 4 molecules are free to move by diffusion in the space between the adjacent graphite crystallographic planes and segregate mostly at the crystal edges to maximize all physical interactions, allowing the formation of a network of linear defects in the graphite matrix structure [4,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Aging Effects in Graphite Bisulfates by Means of Raman Spectroscopy

Camerlingo,

Salvatore,

Carotenuto

2024

Coatings

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Graphite bisulfate (GBS) compounds consist of graphite layers intercalated by HSO4− ions and H2SO4 molecules. Owing to electrostatic interactions with the graphene plane, HSO4− ions cause point defects in the graphite’s crystalline structure, while H2SO4 molecules are free to move via diffusion in the spaces between the adjacent graphite sheets and segregate to form linear defects. In the present work, we report the results of our investigation using Raman spectroscopy on the temporal evolution of such defects on selected GBS samples over 84 months. Two characteristic lengths correlated with the average distance between defects have been estimated and their evolution with aging was investigated. The results show a decrease in the density of point-like defects after aging, regardless of the pristine structural configuration of the GBS samples, revealing a structural instability. This study can provide significant information for the technological development of industrial processes aimed to produce expanded graphite based on GBS precursors, where the aging of GBS is known to influence the efficiency and quality.

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