Transport of vitamin A in vitro across normal isolated rat intestine and intestine subjected to ‘partial’ resection

Loran, Muriel R.; Althausen, T. L.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.197.6.1333

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Anaerobiosis has been demonstrated in two studies on the absorptive function of intestine 2 months after resection in the rat (8,9). The results showed that whereas absorptive competence for vitamin A was not reduced, anaerobic glycolytic phosphorylation associated with vitamin A absorption was no longer rate limiting in the intestine of resected rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the proliferative rate, which occurred equally in all segments of small intestine following resection, persisted long after the total weight of the intestine and its capacity to absorb vitamin A had returned to normal (8,10). An explanation is offered for the persistence of this effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A humoral factor, provisionally called "intestinal epithelial growth hormone," may stimulate the crypts of the entire epithelium of the small intestine in response to the initial surgical loss of intestinal tissue. Epithelial cells produced in response to resection are formed at a faster rate and are metabolically deficient (8,9). A selfpropagating state results, in which metabolically deficient cells further stimulate the release of "intestinal epithelial growth hormone," producing persistent, increased, generalized proliferation of intestinal epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population Dynamics of Intestinal Epithelia in the Rat Two Months After Partial Resection of the Ileum

Loran

Crocker

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

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134

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Sprague-Dawley rats that had been subjected 2 months previously to partial resection (10 per cent) of thc small intestine and an equal number of control rats were injected with tritiated thymidine and sacrificcd at intervals during the subsequent 16 hours. Segments of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were prestained by the Feulgen technique and radioautographed. ~fhe proportion of crypt cells bearing labeled nuclei, the perccntage of labeled crypt cells in mitosis and the appearance of labeled crypt ceils on the villi were determined. Comparison of control and resected rats showed that (a) the proportion of intestinal crypt cells incorporating thymidine was considerably greater and uniformly high throughout the shortened intestinc, (b) the life cycle of crypt cells was slightly reduced, and was uniform throughout the shortened intestine, and (c) the time during which cells wcre retained in crypts was markedly reduced. On the basis of persistent, generalized increase in the production of crypt cells, and on prior evidence that the epithelial cells of shortened intestine continue to have a brief life span and evidence of metabolic immaturity, the existence of a humoral factor, tentatively called "intestinal epithelial growth hormone," is postulated.As reported previously (1), resection of I0 per cent of the small intestine (removal of 10 cm of ileum) in rats was followed by a pronounced increase in the rate of migration of the epithelial cells covering the villi in the remaining portion of small intestine. Two months after resection, the distance traveled by mucosal cells examined 2 and 24 hours after labeling with tritiated thymidine was increased by approximately 23 per cent in the duodenum, 114 per cent in the jejunum, and 141 per cent in the ileum. The "life span" of epithelial cells in the intestinal mucosa, as estimated from the rate of migration and the height of villi, was decreased to 82, 46, and 42 per cent of normal for duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively.The present study demonstrates that the rate of appearance of new ceils on the intestinal villi is accelerated in proportion to the increased rate of cell migration. Proliferation in intestinal crypts is also increased throughout the small intestine, but this increase is not proportional to the increase in the rate of migration. It is proposed that a growth factor, provisionally called intestinal epithelial growth hormone (IEGH), is released in response to intestinal resection and that this factor accelerates the rate of epithelial proliferation throughout the small bowel. M A T E R I A L S AND M E T H O D SIn a first experiment, the experimental animals consisted of 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 300 to 350 gin. A 10 cm portion of the lower ileum, representing 10 per cent of the length of the small intestine, was removed from each at a point about 20 cm 285 on

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population Dynamics of Intestinal Epithelia in the Rat Two Months After Partial Resection of the Ileum

Loran

Crocker

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

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134

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“…Resection of the proximal two-thirds of the small intestine causes the greatest morphological change or "compensatory hypertrophy," with little or no nutritional disturbance to the animal (3,4) while distal resection is associated more with weight loss and malabsorption (4,5), gastric hypersecretion (6), enhanced gastric emptying (7), and reduced intestinal transit time (5,7). Whether proximal or distal factors underlie the reported disturbances in ileal blood flow (8), vitamin A transport (9), or mucosal cell kinetics (10)(11)(12) is still uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Sucrase, Enterokinase, and Peptide Hydrolase after Intestinal Resection THE ASSOCIATION OF CELLULAR HYPERPLASIA AND ADAPTATION

McCarthy¹,

Kim²

1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T In a study of changes in digestive enzymes after massive intestinal resection and the mechanisms by which such changes occur, rats were sacrificed 4 wk after removal of the proximal two-thirds of the small intestine. Alterations in the mucosal levels of sucrase, enterokinase, and dipeptide hydrolase (Lleucyl-L-alanine substrate) were examined in the light of associated changes in protein, DNA and wet mucosal weight, measured in standardized gut segments from various regions of intestine.Metabolic studies showed that normal growth patterns were reestablished after the operation but significant elevations in stool weight and fecal nitrogen occurred in the second postoperative week, falling towards normal by the 4th wk. In standard gut segments wet weight of mucosa, protein, and DNA rose, especially in distal segments, DNA increasing disproportionately. Mucosal levels of the proximally distributed and membranebound enzymes, sucrase and enterokinase, showed similar patterns of change: when enzyme activity was expressed in terms of the total per segment, proximally there were considerable increases in both enzymes, but, expressed in terms of specific activity, that of sucrase fell and that of enterokinase was unaltered. By contrast, the largely soluble and more distally distributed dipeptide hydrolase increased more in distal segments and the increases in total activity were accompanied by lesser increases in specific activity. However, in spite A preliminary report of this work was presented to The

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“…Indeed, some evidence supports the concept that after resection the intestinal mucosa acquires characteristics of metabolic immaturity. Whereas normal rats depend on energy supplied by oxidative phosphorylation in order to transport vitamin A, resected animals utilize the energy supplied by anaerobic glycolytic phosphorylation (28). Similarly, Weiser and Hernandez (7) found that when glucose transport was measured in everted gut sacs as a function of weight of the segment, there was a decrease in capacity of glucose transport in segments from distally resected animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cellular Adaptation of the Rat Small Intestine after Proximal Enterectomy: Changes in Microvillous Enzymes and in the Secretory Component of Immunoglobulins

Buts

Dekeyser

1987

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT.To investigate the adaptation of functions expressed by the villous and crypt cell of the intestinal mucosa after intestinal resection, a 50% proximal enterectomy or a single transection was performed in 16 growing rats weighing 175-200 g. Ten days following the enterectomy, we determined the mucosal mass parameters (weight, protein, and DNA content), the activity of microvillous enzymes (lactase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase) in villus cells, and the concentration of the secretory component of immunoglobulins in crypt cells isolated from the proximal intestinal remnant. Mucosal hyperplasia was attested by the finding that mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content per cm of intestinal length were significantly ( p < 0.01) higher (+29 to +48%) in the resected group than in transected controls. The specific activity of lactase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase were significantly ( p < 0.05) lower (-23 to -56%) in villous cells isolated from the intestinal remnant of resected rats compared to controls. Sucrase activity was depressed in each cell fraction of the entire villous-crypt unit resulting in a lower villous to crypt gradient of enzyme activity. K, for the enzyme determined in villous cells was similar in both groups but the V,., was reduced proportionally to the enzyme activity in the resected group indicating less enzyme per cell. By contrast, the concentration of secretory component measured by an immunoradiometric assay in both villous and crypt cells was significantly ( p < 0.05) increased (+37 to 45%) following proximal enterectomy. Our data indicate that the response of the epithelial cell to intestinal resection varies according to the metabolic function and that the mechanism of adaptation at the cellular level is complex. (Pediatr Res 22: 29-33,1987)

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Transport of vitamin A in vitro across normal isolated rat intestine and intestine subjected to ‘partial’ resection

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Population Dynamics of Intestinal Epithelia in the Rat Two Months After Partial Resection of the Ileum

Population Dynamics of Intestinal Epithelia in the Rat Two Months After Partial Resection of the Ileum

Changes in Sucrase, Enterokinase, and Peptide Hydrolase after Intestinal Resection THE ASSOCIATION OF CELLULAR HYPERPLASIA AND ADAPTATION

Cellular Adaptation of the Rat Small Intestine after Proximal Enterectomy: Changes in Microvillous Enzymes and in the Secretory Component of Immunoglobulins

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