Transport Phenomena at Intersections at Low Reynolds Numbers

Austin, R. G.; Romero-Gómez, Pedro; Choi, Christopher Y.

doi:10.1061/40927(243)489

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Austin et al [10] only showed the mixing result on a cross junction with 16 mm inner diameter; hence, a comparison with our experimental result with 16 mm inner diameter is shown in Figure 10. When Re > 3,000, the overall trend of the two curves is close.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiessupporting

confidence: 52%

“…However, we can infer that there must be a descent stage from Re � 500 to Re � 0. is tendency can be found for the DN50, DN32, and DN25 junction, as shown in Figure 3. Because the smallest Re in Austin et al [10] is 700, it is not strange that the descent stage is not presented in their mixing curve.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…is study uses an integrated manufacturing Plexiglass junction shown in Figure 11. e inner surface of the junction is smoother than that of Austin et al [10]. Figure 12 shows the detail of the experimental junction used by Austin et al [10].…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Similarly, Ho et al [7], Choi [8], and Mckenna et al [9] found that the degree of mixing was much lower than that of complete mixing at pipe cross junctions. When studying the effects of Reynolds numbers on the amount of mixing, Austin et al [10] did not find any effect of Reynolds numbers on mixing at Re > 10000. At the same time, Romero-Gomez et al [11] used numerical simulations to find that the main factor influencing the degree of solute mixing at high Reynolds numbers is the Reynolds number ratio rather than the Reynolds number itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Comparatively, the junction mixing of the laminar and transitional flow has not been thoroughly investigated, partially because of difficulties in controlling experimental conditions. Among several studies in literature, Austin et al [10] found that different Reynolds number has the different mixing degree at cross junction when the Reynolds number is less than 10000. Choi et al [6] also found that the Reynolds number had a certain effect on the solute mixing at double-Tee junctions at low Reynolds numbers (Re < 10000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Experimentally Determined Solute Mixing under Laminar and Transitional Flows at Junctions in Water Distribution Systems

Shao

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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The water quality model in water distribution systems adopted in EPANET and other commercial simulation programs assumed perfect mixing of solute at pipe junctions. However, imperfect solute mixing at pipe junctions at turbulent flow has been reported. Yet, the mixing under laminar and transitional flow is rarely reported and thus is the focus of experimental study reported here. The experimental results show that the average Reynolds number and the outflows Reynolds number ratio controls degrees of the mixing at the pipe junctions. For cross junctions, the mixing degree is a function of the average Reynolds number in three regions; each has different mixing mechanisms and mathematical relationship. For double-Tee junctions, the dimensionless connecting pipe length plays a more important role than the Reynolds number ratios of outflows and average Reynolds number on mixing because a longer connecting pipe length gives more mixing space and time for the water flow mixing.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Studiessupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Experimentally Determined Solute Mixing under Laminar and Transitional Flows at Junctions in Water Distribution Systems

Shao

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Importance of demand modelling in network water quality models: a review

Blokker¹,

Vreeburg²,

Buchberger³

et al. 2008

Preprint

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Abstract. Today, there is a growing interest in network water quality modelling. The water quality issues of interest relate to both dissolved and particulate substances, with the main interest in residual chlorine and (microbiological) contaminant propagation, respectively in sediment leading to discolouration. There is a strong influence of flows and velocities on transport, mixing, production and decay of these substances in the network. This imposes a different approach to demand modelling which is reviewed in this article. For transport systems the current hydraulic models suffice; for the more detailed distribution system a network water quality model is needed that is based on short time scale demands that considers the effect of dispersion and transients. Demand models that provide stochastic residential demands per individual home and on a one-second time scale are available. A stochastic demands based network water quality model needs to be developed and validated with field measurements. Such a model will be probabilistic in nature and will offer a new perspective for assessing water quality in the DWDS.

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Transport Phenomena at Intersections at Low Reynolds Numbers

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Experimentally Determined Solute Mixing under Laminar and Transitional Flows at Junctions in Water Distribution Systems

Experimentally Determined Solute Mixing under Laminar and Transitional Flows at Junctions in Water Distribution Systems

Importance of demand modelling in network water quality models: a review

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