Transport properties of nanofluids and applications

Abstract

Over the past few decades, several researchers have produced a variety of nanofluids that are used as heat transfer fluids in many engineering and technological processes. A nanofluid is a kind of heat transfer fluid, containing nanoparticles (1-100 nm) that are uniformly and stably distributed in a base fluid. Nanoparticles can be metallic/intermetallic compounds, such as Ag, Cu, Ni, Au, Fe, and ceramic compounds such as oxides, sulfides and carbides. Liquids such as water, ethylene glycol, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, engine oil, vegetable oil, paraffin, coconut oil, gear oil, kerosene, and pump oil are used as base fluids. A wide range of applications for nanofluids in different areas have been reported in the literature. These include biomedical applications, lubrication, surface coating, petroleum processing, environmental remediation, and cooling systems for electronics.

Honeycomb-configured dissipative nanofluid flow within a squeezed channel with entropy generation: regression and numerical evaluations

“…Many researchers reported that the suspension of tiny nanoparticles into conventional fluid may cause an increased temperature gradient of fluid (Hsiao, 2016). Further, many researchers (Banerjee and Rushi Kumar, 2019; Izadi et al , 2020; Hajjar et al , 2020; Mishra et al , 2020; Hayath et al , 2021; Izadi and Rasam, 2023; Kumar et al , 2023) investigated the nanofluids’ unique heat transfer rate characteristics.…”

Nanoparticle shape effects on hydromagnetic flow of Cu‐water nanofluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet in a porous medium with heat source, thermal radiation, and Joule heating

“…Over the past few decades, there have been numerous nanofluids developed by scientists to boost the efficiency of heat transfer in systems where thermal management is crucial for numerous engineering and technological applications. As a heat transfer fluid, nanofluid is used in various fields in order to maintain a consistent temperature, including biomedical applications, heat exchangers, environmental remediation, coolant preparation, petroleum processing, and electronic cooling [1,2]. Heat transport phenomena over a stretching sheet are influential in manufacturing industries and engineering processes like extrusion of hot plastic, polymer production, hot rolling, infinite metallic plate cooling, production of glass fiber, and fiber spinning.…”

Thermal analysis of a novel retarder by using the nanofluid cooling system: Numerical and experimental approaches

“…It was first introduced by Choi and Eastman 9 who proposed the term “nanofluid,” which was obtained by adding suspended nanoparticles (diameter less than 50 nm) to traditional fluids. Later on, nanofluids have attracted enormous interest from researchers due to their wide applications in micro/nano‐electromechanical devices, advanced cooling systems, large‐scale heat management systems of evaporators, automobiles, heat exchangers, and industrial cooling occasions 10 . For different applications, nanoparticles can be metals (such as Cu, Al, and Fe), metal oxides (such as CuO, Al 2 O 3 , and Fe 2 O 3 ), metal carbides (such as SiC and TiC), metal nitrides (such as AlN and SiN), semiconductors (such as TiO 2 and SiO 2 ), carbon nanotubes, graphene, diamond, and graphite (see References [11–16]).…”