Transport property measurements in sheared granular flows

Influence of internal friction on transport properties in sheared granular flows

“…The similar results were also confirmed by several later experimental studies of dry granular flows. [9][10][11]16,25 Many simulation works also demonstrated the above relation. 5,21,[26][27][28] In fact, most earlier experimental works used the measured normal and shear forces on the shear cell to calculate the average stresses.…”

“…The relative discussions can be found from our earlier study. 16 It is interesting to note that the influence of p on diffusion coefficients is more significant in the granular flow with lower solid fraction. From Eq.…”

“…5,21,[26][27][28] In fact, most earlier experimental works used the measured normal and shear forces on the shear cell to calculate the average stresses. Hsiau and Yang 15,16 started to use bi-directional stress gages to measure the local stresses (along the upper wall). The current study used the same instruments to measure the normal and shear stresses.…”

“…The current study used the same instruments to measure the normal and shear stresses. Hsiau and Yang 16 have experimentally studied the effects of solid fractions on the stresses, so we do not intend to discuss this issue here.…”

“…However, these assumptions were invalid because of the gravitational force, as demonstrated in the study of Hsiau and Shieh. 14 Hsiau and Yang 15,16 performed a series of tests to measure the transport properties-velocity fluctuations, granular temperatures, and self-diffusion coefficients-and the effective viscosities of sheared granular flows generated in a rotated Couette shear cell. They employed image processing technology to investigate the granular flow behaviors in a shear cell.…”