Transport sector CO2 emissions growth in Asia: Underlying factors and policy options

Timilsina, Govinda R.; Shrestha, Ashish

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.009

Cited by 324 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is suggested that haze formation in Incheon had a unique mechanism (not owing to the increase of sea-salt aerosols). Since Incheon is one of the largest cities in Korea, densely populated with about 700 000 motor vehicles (still sharply increasing in number due to rapid urbanization and motorization, Timilsina and Shrestha, 2009), and motor vehicle exhaust accounted for >80% of the air pollution in the area , much of the organic aerosol burden in Incheon can be attributed to automotive vehicle sources. For example, a number of freight vehicles, i.e., heavy-duty trucks (diesel vehicles), travel along the highway carrying goods to the wharves at Incheon seaport; most of the short-term transients for commuting are attributable to local traffic sources.…”

Section: Particle Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of individual aerosol particles collected during a haze episode in Incheon, Korea using the quantitative ED-EPMA technique

et al. 2011

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Abstract. A quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis (ED-EPMA), called low-Z particle EPMA, was used to analyse individual aerosol particles collected in Incheon, Korea on 13-18 October 2008 (a typical haze episode occurred from 15 to 18 October). Overall 3600 individual particles in PM 2.5−10 and PM 1.0−2.5 fractions from 12 aerosol samples collected on haze and non-haze days were analysed. The analysed particles were classified, based on their X-ray spectral data together with their secondary electron images. The major particle types included organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), sea-salt, mineral dust (such as aluminosilicate, SiO 2 , CaCO 3 /CaMgCO 3 , etc.), (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 /NH 4 HSO 4 -containing, K-containing, Ferich and fly ash particles. Their relative number abundance results showed that OC particles were significantly increased while sea-salts and mineral dust particles were significantly decreased (especially in PM 1.0−2.5 fraction) when haze occurred. For the other particle types (except Fe-rich particles in PM 2.5−10 fraction), there were no significant differences in their relative abundances between haze and non-haze samples. On non-haze days, the nitrate-containing reacted seasalt and mineral dust particles in PM 1.0−2.5 fraction significantly outnumbered the sulfate-containing ones, whereas it was the reverse on haze days, implying that on haze days there were special sources or formation mechanisms for fine aerosol particles (≤2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter). The emission of air pollutants from motor vehicles and stagnant meteorological conditions, such as low wind speed and high relative humidity, might be responsible for the elevated level of OC particles on haze days.

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Section: Particle Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of individual aerosol particles collected during a haze episode in Incheon, Korea using the quantitative ED-EPMA technique

et al. 2011

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“…Furthermore, with regard to the research methods, two approaches are widely used at present. They are the index decomposition method [6][7][8]11,20,23,53] and the econometric method [2,4,6,24,28,54,55]. Due to the constraints of the Kaya identity, the factors that are considered in the index decomposition method are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have analyzed the carbon emissions of the transportation sector from various perspectives. Several studies have made creditable attempts to accurately calculate transportation-related carbon emissions and build models of the influencing factors [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Chandran et al [25] introduced a co-integration analysis and Granger causality analysis to study the influence of energy-related CO 2 emissions in the transportation sector on five Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Low-Carbon Transportation in Xinjiang: Evidence from STIRPAT and Rigid Regression Models

Dong

Deng

et al. 2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:With the rapid economic development of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the area's transport sector has witnessed significant growth, which in turn has led to a large increase in carbon dioxide emissions. As such, calculating of the carbon footprint of Xinjiang's transportation sector and probing the driving factors of carbon dioxide emissions are of great significance to the region's energy conservation and environmental protection. This paper provides an account of the growth in the carbon emissions of Xinjiang's transportation sector during the period from 1989 to 2012. We also analyze the transportation sector's trends and historical evolution. Combined with the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model and ridge regression, this study further quantitatively analyzes the factors that influence the carbon emissions of Xinjiang's transportation sector. The results indicate the following: (1) the total carbon emissions and per capita carbon emissions of Xinjiang's transportation sector both continued to rise rapidly during this period; their average annual growth rates were 10.8% and 9.1%, respectively; (2) the carbon emissions of the transportation sector come mainly from the consumption of diesel and gasoline, which accounted for an average of 36.2% and 2.6% of carbon emissions, respectively; in addition, the overall carbon emission intensity of the transportation sector showed an "S"-pattern trend within the study period; (3) population density plays a dominant role in increasing carbon dioxide emissions. Population is then followed by per capita GDP and, finally, energy intensity. Cargo turnover has a more significant potential impact on and role in emission reduction than do private vehicles. This is because road freight is the primary form of transportation used across Xinjiang, and this form of transportation has low energy efficiency. These findings have important implications for future efforts to reduce the growth of transportation-based carbon dioxide emissions in Xinjiang and for any effort to construct low-carbon and sustainable environments.

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“…There are many studies on CO 2 emissions, however, most of the studies before tend to focus more on the impacts brought by the change of CO 2 emissions [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and how the greenhouse effect influences economic activities [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. As for research methods, generally speaking, there are two approaches to the research: econometric analysis [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and decomposition methods [39][40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multilevel Index Decomposition of Energy-Related Carbon Emission and Its Decoupling with Economic Growth in USA

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The United States of America is not only an important energy consuming country, but also in the dominant position of energy for many years. As one of the two largest emitters, the US has always been trying to register a decline in energy-related CO 2 . In order to make a further analysis of the phenomenon, we choose a new decoupling analysis with the multilevel logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. This study examined the contribution of factors influencing energy-related carbon emissions in the United States of America during 1990-2014, quantitatively analyzed decoupling indicators of economic development and environmental situations. As is indicated in the results, economy development and activities have a significant effect in increasing carbon emission, however, measures of energy optimization such as the improvement of energy efficiency has played a crucial role in inhibiting the carbon dioxide emission. Furthermore, as is indicated in decoupling relationship, "relative decoupling" and "no decoupling" are the main states during the examined period. In order to better investigate the long-run equilibrium relationship between total carbon dioxide emissions of each effect and the relationship between CO 2 emissions and economic growth, on the basis of a static decomposition analysis, we applied a dynamic analysis method-cointegration test. At last, recommendations and improvement measures aiming at the related issues were put forward.

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Transport sector CO2 emissions growth in Asia: Underlying factors and policy options

Cited by 324 publications

References 35 publications

Characterisation of individual aerosol particles collected during a haze episode in Incheon, Korea using the quantitative ED-EPMA technique

Characterisation of individual aerosol particles collected during a haze episode in Incheon, Korea using the quantitative ED-EPMA technique

Moving Low-Carbon Transportation in Xinjiang: Evidence from STIRPAT and Rigid Regression Models

The Multilevel Index Decomposition of Energy-Related Carbon Emission and Its Decoupling with Economic Growth in USA

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