Transport sector electrification in a hydropower resource rich developing country: Energy security, environmental and climate change co-benefits

Shakya, Shree Raj; Shrestha, Ram M.

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2011.04.003

Cited by 87 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As transport relies almost entirely on petroleum products, energy security is a major issue for the sector products [10,78]. There is a direct link between energy security and climate change mitigation actions that focus on fuel switch options, such as biofuels and electrification [40,46,66] and demand side measures, such fuel efficiency, shift to more efficient transport modes and compact urban design [10, 49 79]. These strategies are also likely to improve access to mobility services and reduce transport costs, which affects positively productivity and social inclusion [6,54] and provides better access to jobs, markets and social services [4,7,70].…”

Section: The Collective Action Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The barriers to low-carbon land-transport and policies to overcome them

Lah

2015

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Considerable efficiency gains can be made costeffectively to set the transport sector on a sustainable development pathway. They can be achieved through already available technologies and practices, which will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly, but also generate social, environmental and economic co-benefits. However, progress in the take-up of low-carbon mobility measures substantially lags behind the potential. A number of barriers contribute to this lack of uptake. This paper explores those barriers by focusing on vehicle fuel efficiency in particular, but will also touch on the wider policy framework to improve the efficiency of the transport sector and reduce emissions. The paper suggests that a combination of fuel pricing, differentiated vehicle taxation, vehicle standards and the provision of modal choice are necessary to minimise rebound effects and significantly curb transport sector greenhouse gas emissions at low-or even negative cost.

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Section: The Collective Action Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The barriers to low-carbon land-transport and policies to overcome them

Lah

2015

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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“…For example, experience from railway transport demonstrates the substantial impact of electrification on energy efficiency improvement. Similar potential should be fully tapped for other transport modes [71]. Experience from passenger vehicles demonstrates the effectiveness of stringent fuel consumption standards.…”

Section: Discussion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Energy Efficiency in China’s Transport Sector

Hao¹,

Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:Energy efficiency is one of the key factors affecting energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. By focusing on China's transport sector, this study comprehensively reviews and compares the energy efficiency performance of passenger vehicles, light-duty commercial vehicles, commercial road transport, commercial water transport, aviation transport and railway transport, and identifies the opportunities for further energy efficiency improvements. It is found that railway transport exhibited the greatest improvement in energy efficiency during the past decade, which was mainly driven by progress in its electrification. Passenger vehicles have also experienced considerable energy efficiency improvements, which can be mainly attributed to the establishment of mandatory fuel consumption standards. In contrast, commercial road transport has shown the least improvement, due to insufficient policy implementations. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that, as China's present policy framework to improve energy efficiency in the transport sector is generally effective, it should be consistently maintained and successively improved. Electrification represents a major opportunity for improvement of energy efficiency in the transport sector. Such potential should be fully tapped for all transport modes. Greater effort should be put into improving the energy efficiency of commercial road transport. The policy instruments utilized to improve the energy efficiency of heavy-duty vehicles should be as intensive and effective as the policy instruments for passenger vehicles.

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“…A study on transport electrification in Nepal (Shakya & Shrestha, 2011), a neighbouring country to Bhutan with similar topography, found there were economic benefits, employment generation, enhanced energy security as well as beneficial environmental outcomes in such a policy. For carbon neutral transport, recent research has highlighted the need for radical changes both at the supply side and the demand side.…”

Section: Challenges In the Transport And Industry Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bhutan: Can the 1.5 °C Agenda Be Integrated with Growth in Wealth and Happiness?

Yangka

Newman

2018

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Bhutan is a tiny kingdom nested in the fragile ecosystem of the eastern Himalayan range, with urbanisation striding at a rapid rate. To the global community, Bhutan is known for its Gross National Happiness (GNH), which in many ways is an expression of the Sustainable Development concept. Bhutan is less known for its policy of being carbon neutral, which has been in place since the 15th session of the Conference of Parties meeting in 2009 and was reiterated in their Nationally Determined Contribution with the Paris Agreement. Bhutan achieves its carbon neutral status through its hydro power and forest cover. Like most emerging countries, Bhutan wants to increase its wealth and become a middle income country by 2020, as well as increase its GNH. This article looks at the planning options to integrate the three core national goals of GNH, economic growth (GDP) and greenhouse gas (GHG). We investigate whether Bhutan can contribute to the 1.5°C agenda through its 'zero carbon commitment' as well as growing in GDP and improving GNH. Using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning model, this article shows that carbon neutral status would be broken by 2037 or 2044 under a high GDP economic outlook, as well as a business as usual scenario. National and urban policy interventions are thus required to maintain carbon neutral status. Key areas of transport and industry are examined under two alternative scenarios and these are feasible to integrate the three goals of GHG, GDP and GNH. Power can be kept carbon neutral relatively easily through modest increases in hydro. The biggest issue is to electrify the transport system and plans are being developed to electrify both freight and passenger transport.

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Transport sector electrification in a hydropower resource rich developing country: Energy security, environmental and climate change co-benefits

Cited by 87 publications

References 13 publications

The barriers to low-carbon land-transport and policies to overcome them

The barriers to low-carbon land-transport and policies to overcome them

Measuring Energy Efficiency in China’s Transport Sector

Bhutan: Can the 1.5 °C Agenda Be Integrated with Growth in Wealth and Happiness?

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