Transporting children with toxicological emergencies

Blake, Danielle M.; Dalton, Sarah; Gunja, Naren

doi:10.1111/1742-6723.12221

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In a report by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), more than 50% of poisonings occur in children under six years old. Almost all of these exposures are unintentional and this reflects the propensity of young children to put virtually anything in their mouth ( 3 ). Children who are more at risk are between one to four years old, male, rather hyperactive, and have increased finger-mouth activity and/or pica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poisoning in children 6-12 years old is lesser common, involving only 6% of all reported pediatric exposures. A second peak in pediatric exposures occurs in adolescence; it is primarily intentional and often results in more severe toxicity ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of poisoning exposures in children under six years old can be managed without direct medical interventions, either because the involved product is not toxic or the quantity of the involved material is not sufficient to produce clinically relevant toxic effects. However, a number of substances are potentially highly toxic to toddlers even in small doses ( 3 ). In the recent years, carbon monoxide, prescription opioids, antidepressants and cardiovascular drugs have been the leading causes of poison-related fatalities in young children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality rate due to poisoning is 3%-5% ( 2 ). Although children comprise the majority of exposures in the population, only 2% of the reported deaths occur in this age group ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chronological Variations of Children Poisoning Causes in Zahedan, South of Iran

Sadeghi‐Bojd

Khajeh

2014

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background:Poisoning is a common pediatric emergency among children and adolescents in the Emergency Department of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences hospital.Objectives:The aim of this study was comparing the characteristics and variations of pediatric poisoning between two retrospective studies (1998 and 2008). We hypothesized that the epidemiology of pediatric patients admitted for poisoning is related to variations of environmental agents and drug usage.Patients and Methods:Records of 170 patients from 1998 and 147 from 2008 with acute poisoning were retrospectively evaluated and compared.Results:Poisoning mostly occurred in children younger than five years old via oral route (72.94%-87%) and by single exposure (94.12%-96.6%). It was also noted that 86.8%-90% of cases were accidentally poisoned. Drugs were the most common poisoning agents in both studies (52.94% and 37.41%, respectively) and analgesics-antipyretics were the most common poisoning drugs. Drug poisoning was more common among children under five years old in both the studies. Neurological signs including lethargy and coma were the main presenting signs. About 80%-95% of cases were referred to the hospital within three hours of poisoning and supportive-symptomatic therapy was provided to them; charcoal/naloxone was administered for most of the patients (26.2% in 2008 and 21% in 1998). Mortality rate due to drug poisoning was 3-4 cases in both studies; but, non-drug poisoning mortality rate was higher.Conclusions:Preventable accidental poisoning is a significant cause of morbidity in children in developing countries. The study provided information on evolving trends and the need for increasing awareness about potential toxins as well as appropriate storage of toxins in the house to reduce the occurrence of accidental poisoning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality rate due to poisoning is 3%-5% ( 2 ). Although children comprise the majority of exposures in the population, only 2% of the reported deaths occur in this age group ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chronological Variations of Children Poisoning Causes in Zahedan, South of Iran

Sadeghi‐Bojd

Khajeh

2014

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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“…Two peaks in pediatric exposure are observed; the first between 1 and 5 yr and the second in adolescence [6,7]. Cause of poisoning varies with age, gender, social and cultural background [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Drug Poisoning in Tunisian Children: About 150 Cases

Barakizou

Yosra

Gannouni

et al. 2016

IJT

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Background: Acute drug poisoning remains an important public health problem and represents the second most frequent accidental disease in children. In this study, we identified epidemiological and clinical features of children admitted for acute drug poisoning and related factors associated with suicidal poisoning. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in the Department of Pediatrics, the Military Hospital, Tunis, over a period of 8 years (2008-2014). Children aged less than 16 yr and admitted for acute drug poisoning were included. Cases of drug addiction were excluded. Two groups were compared: accidental poisoning / suicidal poisoning. Results: We collected 150 cases. The ratio male / female was 1:1.2. The mean age was 4.3 yr. Poisoning was due to one drug in 82% of cases. Children were asymptomatic in 39% of cases, had digestive and neurologic symptoms respectively in 30% and 20% of cases, respectively. Psychotropics came in the first place (20%) followed by paracetamol (16%). Two groups were identified: accidental poisoning (74 %) and suicidal poisoning (26%). Four factors were significantly associated with suicidal poisoning: age

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Fatal Outcome in Acutely Poisoned Children With Hospitalization

et al. 2021

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Background: Acute poisoning is a significant and preventable cause of mortality among children internationally. The aims of this study were to assess the case fatality rate of children admitted to an inner-city hospital for acute poisoning and to compare the demographics and source of poisoning of fatal cases.Methods: This was a retrospective review of patient data recorded in the Hospital Information System for Loghman Hakim Hospital, that is, the central referral hospital for poisoning in Tehran, Iran. We searched Hospital Information System for all admissions for poisoning in children (age, 0--12 years) over the 10-year period from March 2010 to March 2020, and all cases were included in the analysis. We determined the case fatality rate by dividing the number of fatal cases by the number of included cases.Results: Of 8158 children admitted for poisoning, 28 cases (0.3%) died, among whom 19 (67.9%) were boys and 9 (32.1%) girls. The median age was 42 months, ranging from 2 to 144 months. Twenty-two cases (78.6%) were 0 to 5 years old. The most common cause of mortality in acute poisoning was methadone (n = 13, 46.4%), followed by raw opium (n = 5, 17.9%), aluminum phosphide, carbon monoxide, and wild mushrooms (n = 2 deaths each, 7.1%). Tramadol, colchicine, and petroleum accounted for 1 death each (3.6%).Conclusions: Mortality from unintentional poisoning disproportionately affects children younger than 5 years. Opioids (ie, methadone, opium, tramadol) accounted for two thirds of deaths in our sample. Our findings highlight the importance of educating parents that any toxic materials (licit or illicit) must be stored out of reach for children.

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Transporting children with toxicological emergencies

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Chronological Variations of Children Poisoning Causes in Zahedan, South of Iran

Chronological Variations of Children Poisoning Causes in Zahedan, South of Iran

Acute Drug Poisoning in Tunisian Children: About 150 Cases

Fatal Outcome in Acutely Poisoned Children With Hospitalization

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