Transposition of the cephalic vein in therapeutic rescue of cephalic arch stenosis

Predictive factors of recurrent endovascular intervention for cephalic arch stenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

“…7,20 Suboptimal outcomes after PTA with or without stent placement led to the development of surgical techniques that essentially involve a venovenostomy of the cephalic vein distal to the stenotic segment into an alternative vein (often the proximal basilic vein or the axillary vein). 4,21 However, the results from studies with small sample sizes have been somewhat disappointing in considering the high risk for secondary stenosis at the site of the new vein-to-vein anastomosis, albeit with improved 1-year assisted patency rates for future EI. 4,9 Ultimately, this leads to a maintained need for repeated PTA and hinders future HD accesses using the basilic vein.…”