Transposition of the viscera: A review

Abstract

Situs inversus and its associated syndromes have fascinated anatomists, embryologists, and clinicians for centuries. However, the embryogenesis and mode of inheritance of situs inversus have remained ill-understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding etiology and genetics, discuss the diagnostic features which may be clinically useful in identifying asymptomatic subjects, and outline some important aspects in the management of patients with visceral transposition and concomitant disease. The relevance of pre-and neonatal diagnosis of the condition is also evaluated. We conclude with some data on the incidence of situs inversus in the East Anglian region of England.

Deceased donor liver transplantation in an adult recipient with situs inversus totalis: A case report of 10-year clinical sequences following primary and repeat transplantation

“…Its incidence is estimated to be less than 0.02% of the general population. 1 - 3 When the mirror-image rotation abnormalities exist in the abdomen and thorax concurrently, this malrotation is called SI totalis. The etiology of SI is not known to date, but is associated with various congenital abnormalities, including Kartagener’s syndrome, polysplenia syndrome, congenital heart disease, and midgut malrotation.…”

“…Situs inversus (SI) is a rare condition characterized by mirror-image orientation of the normal viscera relative to the midline. SI had been once considered to be a contraindication for liver transplantation (LT), 1 - 3 but technical advances and accumulation of experience have led to successful LT in patients with SI. LT experience in adult patients with SI is accumulating worldwide, but there are still a small number of case reports in the literature.…”