Transrectal doppler sonography of benign prostatic enlargement in Nigerian Men

Abstract

Background:Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is the best route for examining the prostate gland because of transducer proximity, elaboration of zonal anatomical details, and Doppler assessment of prostatic arteries’ hemodynamics.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 300 men with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and 300 healthy age-matched controls. The resistive index (RI) of the left capsular, right capsular and urethral arteries were assessed by TRUS and correlated with these parameters: maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), total prostatic volume (TPV), transitional zone volume (TZV), transitional zone index (TZI), presumed circle area ratio, and the International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS).Results:The RI of capsular and urethral arteries correlated significantly with Qmax, TPV, TZV, TZI, and IPSS. Of the three different RIs evaluated, the RI of UA showed the strongest correlation with Qmax (r =- 0.51; P < 0.0001). The RIs were significantly higher in obstructive BOO than the non-obstructive group (Qmax of <15 ml/sec and ≥15 ml/sec, respectively). The mean RI values were 0.73 ± 0.05 vs. 0.63 ± 0.04 for the RCA; 0.73 ± 0.05 vs. 0.62 ± 0.04 for the LCA; and 0.73 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.05 for the UA in the BPE and controls, respectively (P < 0.001). The TPV values were 52.36 ± 28.67 and 18.28 ± 4.26 in BPE and controls, respectively (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Prostatic artery RIs are elevated in BPE. Increase in RI correlated with increase in TPV, TZV and TZI, urinary symptoms’ severity, poor QOL, and the severity of BOO.

Ultrasonographic Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Southwest Nigeria

“…Transabdominal (100–200 ml of urine to measure IPP, then full bladder for TPVA) and transrectal (with empty bladder) prostate ultrasonography were performed in accordance with previously described standard techniques. [ 8 19 20 ] The urine volume was calculated on orthogonal views of the urinary bladder using the prolate ellipsoid formula: Volume (ml) = superior-inferior length (height) x anteroposterior (depth) x transverse (width) diameters. [ 21 22 ]…”

“…The transitional zone index (TZI = TZV/TPVT) and the presumed circle area ratio (PCAR) were also calculated. [ 8 19 ]…”