Transrectal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Staging of Prostatic Carcinoma

Prostatic 'Capsule' - A Comparative Study of Histological and Ultrasonic Appearances

“…Scardino [3] found that when TRUS indicated gland-confined disease, this was supported by morphological findings in only 76% of cases. In a similar comparative study in 1990, Hauzeur et al [9], summarising 4 investigations, including their own, found the sensitivity of TRUS in identifying extraprostat ic carcinoma to range from 57 to 86% and specificity from 78 to 100%. Subsequent publications have also empha sised understaging of prostatic carcinoma by ultrasound when compared with the histopathological findings in the radical prostatectomy specimens [10][11][12][13], The discrepan cy between TRUS and morphology seems even more seri ous when prostatic tumour is reported to be unconfined in 40-60% of cases in a number of radical prostatectomy series [14].…”

Correlation between Ultrasonic Appearance and Histology of Periprostatic Tissue

“…Although the anatomy and ultrasound anatomy of the prostate have been clarified by McNeal [ 12] and Villers et al [13], the diagnostic application of TRUS in prostatic cancer has not yet been established [14,15],…”

“…The capsular echogram is a hyperechoic band sur rounding the prostate [7] that is useful for staging pros tatic cancer [14,16]. The prostatic capsule is composed of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue, which should produce hypoechoic changes on the echogram.…”

Neoadjuvant GnRH-Agonist Treatment (Triptorelin and Cyproterone Acetate for Flare Protection) and Total Prostatectomy

“…Preoper ative staging methods including digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and computerized tomography are, however, less specific for selecting pa tients suitable for radical operation [4][5][6], A serious limi tation inherent in the surgical approach in early prostatic cancer is the high frequency of understaging. Tumour invasion of the specimen margins has been found in up to 60% of the surgical specimens [7][8][9][10].…”