Transsexual and Transgender Policies in Sport

Sykes, Heather

doi:10.1123/wspaj.15.1.3

Cited by 71 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Also, the ATLG-S examines attitudes toward lesbians and gay men, excluding heterosexuals' attitudes toward bisexual and transgender individuals. Within Sport Studies, a growing amount of attention has been devoted to transgender, transsexual (Sykes 2006) and bisexual athletes (Price and Parker 2003;Roper and Polasek 2006), communities that are often further marginalized within society (and even within the GLBT community). Consistent with research outside the sport context, the male student-athletes were found to hold more negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men.…”

Section: Limitations and Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians Among Heterosexual Male and Female Student-Athletes

Roper

Halloran

2007

Sex Roles

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The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes toward lesbians and gay men among 371 heterosexual male and female collegiate student-athletes in the USA. Attitudes were assessed in relationship to the studentathletes' gender, sport and contact. Participants completed a demographic form and the Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG-S) Scale (Herek in Journal of Homosexuality 10: 39-51, 1984, Journal of Sex Research 25:451-477, 1988. Male student-athletes were significantly more negative in their attitudes toward gay men and lesbians than females. With the exception of field hockey, there were no significant differences in the attitudes toward gay men and lesbians for student-athletes competing on different sport teams. Lastly, student-athletes that indicated having contact with gay men and/or lesbians had significantly more positive attitudes toward gay men and lesbians.

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Section: Limitations and Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians Among Heterosexual Male and Female Student-Athletes

Roper

Halloran

2007

Sex Roles

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“…This policy serves to reinforce binary gender and preserve the assumption of male athletic superiority. Several scholars (Teetzel, 2006;Sykes, 2006;Cavanagh & Sykes, 2006) have observed that institutional anxiety about transsexual participation in sport is for the most part limited to concerns about male to female transsexual athletes rather than female to male transsexual athletes. This anxiety rests on the taken for granted convictions that men and women are fundamentally different and that all males are athletically superior to all females.…”

Section: The Sport Nexus and The Gender Binarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This anxiety rests on the taken for granted convictions that men and women are fundamentally different and that all males are athletically superior to all females. The predominant assumption of male athletic superiority that characterizes this "unfair advantage discourse" (Sykes, 2006) in sporting policy has a powerful hold on western consciousness. In spite of evidence that human variation is inconsistent with a two sex system (Fausto-Sterling, 2000) and failed attempts by the International Olympic Committee"s medical commission to develop a definitive test for female athletes (Fausto-Sterling, 2000;Sykes, 2006), gender deviant athletes must achieve dimorphic physical and hormonal conformity or face exclusion.…”

Section: The Sport Nexus and The Gender Binarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominant assumption of male athletic superiority that characterizes this "unfair advantage discourse" (Sykes, 2006) in sporting policy has a powerful hold on western consciousness. In spite of evidence that human variation is inconsistent with a two sex system (Fausto-Sterling, 2000) and failed attempts by the International Olympic Committee"s medical commission to develop a definitive test for female athletes (Fausto-Sterling, 2000;Sykes, 2006), gender deviant athletes must achieve dimorphic physical and hormonal conformity or face exclusion. The sport nexus normalizes, legitimates and reinforces the ideology of the two sex system with marginalizing consequences for girls and women, gays and lesbians and gender transgressors within the world of sport and beyond.…”

Section: The Sport Nexus and The Gender Binarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sport Nexus and Gender Injustice

Travers

2009

SSJ

102

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Abstract:Male-dominated and sex segregated elite professional and amateur sport 1 in North America constitutes a "sport nexus" (Burstyn, 1999;Heywood & Dworkin, 2003) (Fausto-Sterling, 2000) and gendering citizenship as fundamentally male (Burstyn, 1999). Feminist strategies for sport reformation attempt to reduce or eradicate the role of the sport nexus in legitimating and perpetuating gender injustice. In this article I consider the potential of these strategies and conclude with a set of recommendations for transforming organized sport at both elite and recreational levels.Fraser (2007, 2000, 1997, 1993, 1987) has a long history of writing within the tradition of feminist political science/feminist theorizing on democracy and the public sphere (see also

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“…Influenced by expanding notions of gender and this influence of queer theory, researchers have recently focused on the control and containment of female sexuality and the expression of sexuality in women's sports, turning their attention to sex testing and gender verification by sports organizations and to transsexual and transgender policies in sport (Caudwell 2006;Cavanaugh & Sykes, 2006;Ritchie, 2003;Sykes, 2006).…”

Section: Gender As Interrational and Intersubjective: Transdisciplinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and sports studies: an historical perspective

Bandy

2014

Mov Sport Sci/Sci Mot

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Abstract. In the late 1970s, scholars from North America began to incorporate gender in their critique of contemporary sport, and soon thereafter European sports scholars also embraced gender as a transformative concept in the discipline of Sports Studies. Initially, scholars focused on the female athlete as a subject from a disciplinary perspective. With the inclusion of gender in the 1980s, scholars turned from a "categoric" to a "relational" perspective and gender was thus expanded beyond that of a distinct category and redefined as a dynamic, relational process that introduced new directions, theories, and paradigms for research in Sports Studies as the focus shifted from the female athlete to a cultural critique of sport using interdisciplinary and cultural studies perspectives. Most recently gender has been viewed as both interrelational and intersubjective as scholars began to challenge the universalizing nature of feminism and its uniformity in the 1990s. A paradigmatic shift toward intersectionality emerged and enabled scholars to critique the view that gender was monolithic; rather they purported that it intersects with a number of other dimensions of human experience and identity such as age, ethnicity, race, and social class in sport. This shift encouraged a more trandisciplinary and transnational focus concerning the study of sport. This perspective has paralleled and contributed to the inclusion of such topics as language, power, narrativity, and representation and has yet again transformed the scholarly analysis of sport.

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Transsexual and Transgender Policies in Sport

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians Among Heterosexual Male and Female Student-Athletes

Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians Among Heterosexual Male and Female Student-Athletes

The Sport Nexus and Gender Injustice

Gender and sports studies: an historical perspective

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