Transsexualism in Serbia: A Twenty-Year Follow-Up Study

Vujović, Svetlana; Popovic, Srdjan; Sbutega-Milosevic, Gorica; Djordjević, Miroslav L.; Gooren, Louis

doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00799.x

Cited by 94 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…While many previous studies founded higher incidence of male to female transsexuals, compared to female to male transsexuals, our study shown the equal number [13]. So, it was interesting to compare the digit length ratio (2D : 4D) in our country and compare them with the results from other studies and controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Finger Length Ratios in Serbian Transsexuals

Vujović

Popovic

Marojević

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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Atypical prenatal hormone exposure could be a factor in the development of transsexualism. There is evidence that the 2nd and 4th digit ratio (2D : 4D) associates negatively with prenatal testosterone and positively with estrogens. The aim was to assess the difference in 2D : 4D between female to male transsexuals (FMT) and male to female transsexuals (MFT) and controls. We examined 42 MFT, 38 FMT, and 45 control males and 48 control females. Precise measurements were made by X-rays at the ventral surface of both hands from the basal crease of the digit to the tip using vernier calliper. Control male and female patients had larger 2D : 4D of the right hand when compared to the left hand. Control male's left hand ratio was lower than in control female's left hand. There was no difference in 2D : 4D between MFT and control males. MFT showed similar 2D : 4D of the right hand with control women indicating possible influencing factor in embryogenesis and consequently finger length changes. FMT showed the lowest 2D : 4D of the left hand when compared to the control males and females. Results of our study go in favour of the biological aetiology of transsexualism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Finger Length Ratios in Serbian Transsexuals

Vujović

Popovic

Marojević

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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“…It was also observed that lesbian women with PCOS have higher levels of androgens compared to heterosexual women with PCOS. In Serbia, Vujovic et al (24) found a 14.4% prevalence of PCOS among female-to-male transsexuals, and it was higher than in the general population. Based on these results, it was suggested that high concentrations of androgens usually seen in patients with PCOS may contribute with sexual orientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sexuality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study

Silva

Fonseca

Bagnoli

et al. 2010

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sexual behavior of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the relationship between sexual behavior and the clinical parameters related to this syndrome (obesity, hirsutism and menstrual irregularities). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 48 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The evaluation was based on the complaints reported by the women with particular emphasis on sexual satisfaction, the presence of a sexual partner, phases of the sexual response cycle (desire, arousal, orgasm and resolution phases), sexual frequency, practice of masturbation, evaluation of less usual sexual habits, degree of intimacy and the quality of communication in the women's involvement with their sexual partner. The variables of sexual behavior (sexual satisfaction, masturbation, sexual fantasies, frequency of desire, arousal and orgasm) were compared with three clinical parameters: menstrual cycle, hirsutism and body mass index (BMI). results: The sexual initiation, ways of expressing sexuality, communication and intimacy with partner and sexual satisfaction were not influenced by the clinical aspects of the syndrome. With respect to association of polycystic ovary syndrome clinical parameters with sexual behavior, a statistically significant correlation was found with the menstrual cycle. conclusion: The absence of menstruation affected sexual interest in activities not involving the partner, thus increasing the frequency of masturbation.

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“…Many previous studies suffer from low outcome ascertainment,[6], [9], [21], [29] whereas this study has captured almost the entire population of sex-reassigned transsexual individuals in Sweden from 1973–2003. Moreover, previous outcome studies have mixed pre-operative and post-operative transsexual persons,[22], [37] while we included only post-operative transsexual persons that also legally changed sex. Finally, whereas previous studies either lack a control group or use standardised mortality rates or standardised incidence rates as comparisons,[9], [10], [11] we selected random population controls matched by birth year, and either birth or final sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Follow-Up of Transsexual Persons Undergoing Sex Reassignment Surgery: Cohort Study in Sweden

et al. 2011

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ContextThe treatment for transsexualism is sex reassignment, including hormonal treatment and surgery aimed at making the person's body as congruent with the opposite sex as possible. There is a dearth of long term, follow-up studies after sex reassignment.ObjectiveTo estimate mortality, morbidity, and criminal rate after surgical sex reassignment of transsexual persons.DesignA population-based matched cohort study.SettingSweden, 1973-2003.ParticipantsAll 324 sex-reassigned persons (191 male-to-females, 133 female-to-males) in Sweden, 1973–2003. Random population controls (10∶1) were matched by birth year and birth sex or reassigned (final) sex, respectively.Main Outcome MeasuresHazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality and psychiatric morbidity were obtained with Cox regression models, which were adjusted for immigrant status and psychiatric morbidity prior to sex reassignment (adjusted HR [aHR]).ResultsThe overall mortality for sex-reassigned persons was higher during follow-up (aHR 2.8; 95% CI 1.8–4.3) than for controls of the same birth sex, particularly death from suicide (aHR 19.1; 95% CI 5.8–62.9). Sex-reassigned persons also had an increased risk for suicide attempts (aHR 4.9; 95% CI 2.9–8.5) and psychiatric inpatient care (aHR 2.8; 95% CI 2.0–3.9). Comparisons with controls matched on reassigned sex yielded similar results. Female-to-males, but not male-to-females, had a higher risk for criminal convictions than their respective birth sex controls.ConclusionsPersons with transsexualism, after sex reassignment, have considerably higher risks for mortality, suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric morbidity than the general population. Our findings suggest that sex reassignment, although alleviating gender dysphoria, may not suffice as treatment for transsexualism, and should inspire improved psychiatric and somatic care after sex reassignment for this patient group.

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Transsexualism in Serbia: A Twenty-Year Follow-Up Study

Cited by 94 publications

References 35 publications

Finger Length Ratios in Serbian Transsexuals

Finger Length Ratios in Serbian Transsexuals

Sexuality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study

Long-Term Follow-Up of Transsexual Persons Undergoing Sex Reassignment Surgery: Cohort Study in Sweden

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