Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of Cushing disease: postoperative assessment of surgical efficacy by application of an overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test

Chen, Joseph C.T.; Amar, Arun Paul; Choi, Sunju; Сингер, Петер; Couldwell, William T.; Weiss, Martin H.

doi:10.3171/jns.2003.98.5.0967

Cited by 154 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Similarly, Fahlbusch et al reported that levels less than 2 µg/dl are good predictors of cure (53). Other studies suggest that values of < 3 µg/dl (26), < 5 µg/dl (69), < 100 nmol/l (25), or < 8 µg/dl (70) could better identify those patients on CD remission.…”

Section: Low-dose Dexamethasone Cortisol Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria of cure and remission in Cushing's disease: an update

Czepielewski

Rollin

Casagrande

et al. 2007

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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We review the clinical and biochemical criteria used for evaluation of the transsphenoidal pituitary surgery results in the treatment of Cushing's disease (CD). Firstly, we discuss the pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in normal subjects and patients with CD. Considering the series published in the last 25 years, we observed a significant variation in the remission or cure criteria, including the choice of biochemical tests, timing, threshold values to define remission, and the interference of glucocorticoid replacement or previous treatment. In this context we emphasize serum cortisol levels obtained early (from hours to 12 days) in the postoperative period without any glucocorticoid replacement or treatment. Our experience demonstrates that: (i) early cortisol < 5 to 7 µg/dl, (ii) a period of glucocorticoid dependence > 6 mo, (iii) absence of response of cortisol/ACTH to CRH or DDAVP, (iv) return of dexamethasone suppression, and circadian rhythm of cortisol are appropriate indices of remission of CD. In patients with undetectable cortisol levels early after surgery, recurrence seems to be low. Finally, although certain biochemical patterns are more suggestive of remission or surgical failure, none has been proven to be completely accurate, with recurrence observed in approximately 10 to 15% of the patients in long-term follow-up. We recommended that patients with CD should have long-term monitoring of the CRH-ACTH-cortisol axis and associated co-morbidities, especially hypopituitarism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disturbances, and osteoporosis. RESUMOCritérios de Cura e Remissão na Doença de Cushing: Uma Atualização. Neste artigo, são revisados os principais critérios clínicos e hormonais utilizados para avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico da Doença de Cushing (DC). Inicialmente são comentados aspectos fisiopatológicos que orientam a avaliação hormonal e os principais fatores clínicos, laboratoriais, cirúrgicos e histológicos associados com melhores resultados, observados nas principais séries da literatura e em pacientes acompanhados prospectivamente pelos autores. Foram revisados, também, critérios adotados nas principais séries da literatura, nos últimos 25 anos, chamando-se atenção para as dosagens hormonais, o momento em que foram realizadas, a possibilidade de interferência de tratamentos prévios e da reposição glicocorticóide. À seguir, essas dosagens são discutidas salientando-se a importância do cortisol obtido seqüencialmente no pós-operatório e sem a interferência de reposição glicocorticóide. A experiência prospectiva dos autores, recentemente referendada na literatura, demonstra que valores de cortisol < 5 a 7 µg/dl associados com um período de dependência aos glicocorticóides > 6 meses, ausência de resposta do ACTH/cortisol ao DDAVP e/ou CRH, retorno da supressão à dexametasona e do ritmo circadiano, estão associados com remissão da DC. Em pacientes com cortisol indetectável após cirurgia transesfenoidal, a chance de recidiva parece ser menor d...

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Section: Low-dose Dexamethasone Cortisol Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria of cure and remission in Cushing's disease: an update

Czepielewski

Rollin

Casagrande

et al. 2007

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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“…Six studies reported both early and late remission rates (6,27,34,40,42,44,47), with an early remission rate of 75.6% (476/639 patients; range 66.7-89.0%) compared with a late remission rate of 72.3% (342/473 patients; range 50.0-96.9%; PZnot significant (NS)). The effect of tumor size on remission outcomes of initial microscopic TSS was available from 18 and 16 studies for microadenomas and macroadenomas respectively.…”

Section: Remission Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Outcomes in patients with Cushing's disease undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: systematic review assessing criteria used to define remission and recurrence

Petersenn¹,

Beckers²,

Ferone³

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

134

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Objective: A number of factors can influence the reported outcomes of transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for Cushing's diseaseincluding different remission and recurrence criteria, for which there is no consensus. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the best treatment options and patient management strategies is difficult. In this review, we investigated the clinical outcomes of initial TSS in patients with Cushing's disease based on definitions of and assessments for remission and recurrence. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and identified 44 studies with clear definitions of remission and recurrence. When data were available, additional analyses by time of remission, tumor size, duration of follow-up, surgical experience, year of study publication and adverse events related to surgery were performed. Results: Data from a total of 6400 patients who received microscopic TSS were extracted and analyzed. A variety of definitions of remission and recurrence of Cushing's disease after initial microscopic TSS was used, giving broad ranges of remission (42.0-96.6%; median, 77.9%) and recurrence (0-47.4%; median, 11.5%). Better remission and recurrence outcomes were achieved for microadenomas vs macroadenomas; however, no correlations were found with other parameters, other than improved safety with longer surgical experience.

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“…Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) remains the procedure of choice with immediate post-operative remission rates ranging between 59 and 94% in major centres (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21). The reason for this wide range is the variability in defining remission in each study, the inclusion or not of macroadenomas, and the number of the patients studied, rendering the interpretation of results problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing's disease: predictive factors in a single-centre study

Alexandraki

Kaltsas

Isidori

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

171

123

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Objective: To investigate the early and late outcomes of patients with Cushing's disease (CD) submitted to a neurosurgical procedure as first-line treatment. Design: In this single-centre retrospective case notes study, 131 patients with CD with a minimum follow-up period of 6 years (124 operated by transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) and seven by the transcranial approach) were studied. Apparent immediate cure: post-operative 0900 h serum cortisol level !50 nmol/l; remission: cortisol insufficiency or restoration of 'normal' cortisol levels with resolution of clinical features; and recurrence: dexamethasone resistance and relapse of hypercortisolaemic features. Results: In patients operated by TSS, remission of hypercortisolaemia was found in 72.8% of 103 microadenomas and 42.9% of 21 macroadenomas, with recurrence rates 22.7 and 33.3% respectively with a 15-year mean follow-up (range, 6-29 years). Of 27 patients with microadenomas operated after 1991, with positive imaging and pathology, 93% obtained remission with 12% recurrence. In multivariate analysis, the time needed to achieve recovery of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis was the only significant predictor of recurrence; all patients who recurred showed recovery within 3 years from surgery: 31.3% of patients had total hypophysectomy with no recurrence; 42% of patients with selective adenomectomy and 26.5% with hemi-hypophysectomy showed recurrence rates of 31 and 13% respectively (c 2 Z6.275, PZ0.03). Strict remission criteria were not superior in terms of the probability of recurrence compared with post-operative normocortisolaemia. Conclusions: Lifelong follow-up for patients with CD appears essential, particularly for patients who have shown rapid recovery of their axis. The strict criteria previously used for 'apparent cure' do not appear to necessarily predict a lower recurrence rate.

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Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of Cushing disease: postoperative assessment of surgical efficacy by application of an overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test

Cited by 154 publications

References 39 publications

Criteria of cure and remission in Cushing's disease: an update

Criteria of cure and remission in Cushing's disease: an update

THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Outcomes in patients with Cushing's disease undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: systematic review assessing criteria used to define remission and recurrence

Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing's disease: predictive factors in a single-centre study

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