Transthoracic Ventricular Defibrillation in the 100 kg Calf with Untruncated and Truncated Exponential Stimuli

Low-Energy Multistage Atrial Defibrillation Therapy Terminates Atrial Fibrillation With Less Energy Than a Single Shock

“…26 In contrast, this study shows that multiple biphasic shocks are superior for the defibrillation of AF, a finding that is consistent with the studies of traditional high energy, single shock defibrillation. 38, 39 The apparent discrepancy in findings between these studies may be explained by different mechanisms of low-energy defibrillation in these different tachyarrhythmias. VT, in the rabbit model, was maintained by a single rotor with phase singularity attached to a chronic infarction scar.…”

Clinical Efficacy of a Wearable Defibrillator in Acutely Terminating Episodes of Ventricular Fibrillation Using Biphasic Shocks

“…Biphasic shocks appear to achieve the same defibrillation success rates (often defined as termination of ventricular fibrillation for at least 3 to 5 s) as monophasic waveforms but at significantly lower energy levels. 13–15 , 18–24 The advantage of biphasic shocks for internal defibrillation has been noted for a number of years 25–29 . By the early 1990s all implantable defibrillator manufacturers had used biphasic shock waveforms in their devices.…”

Cardioversion

“…It took much longer for the West to realize the benefit of the biphasic waveform over the original Lown monophasic waveform. The first experiments comparing the monophasic and biphasic waveforms for transthoracic defibrillation were done independently by Schuder et al in the 1980s 68,69. Ventritex’s Cadence V-100, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1993, was the first ICD that used a biphasic waveform.…”