Transvaginal Color Doppler Imaging Diagnosis of Thoracopagus Conjoined Twins at 7 Weeks'Gestation

Biamniotic Parasitic Conjoined Twins with Discordant Genotype

“…An early diagnosis of conjoined twins with 2D-and 3D-ultrasound scans can be made in the first trimester [5,6]. The incomplete fission theory describes the development of conjoined twins and monochorionic and…”

Early prenatal diagnosis in a case of conjoined twin with Craniopagus and Thoraco-omphalopagus

“…Most conjoined twins are female approximately 70e75%, and most are born prematurely with an extremely high mortality rate. 3 The prenatal diagnosis may be suspected and confirmed if two foetuses cannot be visualized separately in a single gestational sac. Bifid appearance of the first trimester foetal pole, presence of more than three umbilical cord vessels, persistence of heads at the same level and body plane, and failure of the foetuses to change position relative to each other over time are other sonographic features that assist in making the diagnosis.…”

“…The prenatal diagnosis of conjoined twins is usually suggested at prenatal sonography, which has the advantage of offering a safe, accurate, and reliable method of detecting anomalies of foetal growth and structure. 2,3 However, because of the intrinsic limitation of sonography with regard to tissue contrast, MRI has been explored as a safe alternative. We present a case of conjoined twin (Craniopagus and Thoracoomphalopagus) diagnosed by ultrasound and MRI at 15 weeks of gestation.…”

Diagnostic Techniques and Criteria for First-Trimester Conjoined Twin Documentation

“…It also permits real-time examination, useful as conjoined twins do not switch their relative position. 37 3D Ultrasound Three-dimensional ultrasound became available with the advances made in computer technology and has shown to be helpful in the detection of congenital abnormalities. 33,34 The introduction of the transvaginal ultrasonography provided ultrasound images with high resolution and therefore made it possible to visualize the early pregnancy.…”

“…37 3D Ultrasound Three-dimensional ultrasound became available with the advances made in computer technology and has shown to be helpful in the detection of congenital abnormalities. 37,45,51,52 Doppler ultrasound is an excellent tool in the evaluation of the vasculature of conjoined vital organs, like the liver, to determine prognosis and separability. 40Y42 In many cases of conjoined twins, 3D ultrasound helped to confirm the presence of anomalies and improved diagnostic confidence.…”