Transverse and longitudinal space-charge-induced broadenings of ultrafast electron packets

Collin, Stéphane; Merano, Michele; Gatri, M.; Sonderegger, Samuel; Renucci, Pierre; Ganière, JD; Deveaud, B.

doi:10.1063/1.2128494

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Theoretical and experimental works on short electron pulses [27][28][29] and photoemission 30,31 have shown that similar space charge problems also appear at a threshold around 2 e / m 2 pulse, 27 in good agreement with our results. Generally, it was found that while longitudinal broadening of electron pulses can be very significant at the values found also in our case, energy broadening would typically be up to a few eV.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Photoemission electron microscopy using extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains

Mikkelsen

Schwenke

Fordell

et al. 2009

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We report the first experiments carried out on a new imaging setup, which combines the high spatial resolution of a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) with the temporal resolution of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse trains. The very short pulses were provided by high-harmonic generation and used to illuminate lithographic structures and Au nanoparticles, which, in turn, were imaged with a PEEM resolving features below 300 nm. We argue that the spatial resolution is limited by the lack of electron energy filtering in this particular demonstration experiment. Problems with extensive space charge effects, which can occur due to the low probe pulse repetition rate and extremely short duration, are solved by reducing peak intensity while maintaining a sufficient average intensity to allow imaging. Finally, a powerful femtosecond infrared (IR) beam was combined with the XUV beam in a pump-probe setup where delays could be varied from subfemtoseconds to picoseconds. The IR pump beam could induce multiphoton electron emission in resonant features on the surface. The interaction between the electrons emitted by the pump and probe pulses could be observed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Photoemission electron microscopy using extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains

Mikkelsen

Schwenke

Fordell

et al. 2009

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…This leads to Coulomb repulsion, which manifests itself in three ways: temporal, lateral, and energy broadening, resulting in significant blurring of the images. Theoretical and experimental work on short electron pulses and photoemission have shown similar space charge problems, in good quantitative agreement with our results [43][44][45][46][47]. Our results are also comparable to those obtained using the femtosecond XUV pulses from the free-electron laser FLASH [48].…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Requirementssupporting

confidence: 82%

Imaging Localized Surface Plasmons by Femtosecond to Attosecond Time‐Resolved Photoelectron Emission Microscopy – “ATTO‐PEEM”

Chew

Pearce

Scheffold

et al. 2014

Attosecond Nanophysics

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The direct detection of the spatiotemporal dynamics of nanolocalized optical near-fields on nanostructured metal surfaces, for example, imaging of localized surface plasmons (cf. Chapter 1) on rough or nanostructured metal films or the imaging of propagating surface plasmon polaritons at a vacuum-metal or metal-dielectric interface is a prerequisite to further control and optimize surface-plasmon based ultrafast nanooptics for future device development and applications [1][2][3][4].While free electrons in metals collectively respond to excitation from a light pulse, which is resonant to the surface plasmon frequency of the system, and squeeze and amplify the field intensity of the incoming plane light field into a subwavelength spatial volume, the typically broad frequency bandwidth of surface plasmon resonances supports an ultrafast response of these fields with rapid field changes on sub-femtosecond time scales [5].The sub-wavelength nanoscaled localization of optical fields in the vicinity of metal nanostructures and the ultrafast temporal evolution of such fields on a 0.1-100 fs time scale require the invention and development of new experimental methodologies, which combine nanometer (sub-optical) spatial resolution, sub-femtosecond temporal resolution, and optionally further nanospectroscopic information.Resolving the spatial distribution of such fields requires a microscopic technique with sub-optical spatial resolution, for example, in the 10-100 nm range. Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) techniques have been successfully applied with spatial resolutions of about ∼100 nm; however, the combination with ultrashort light pulses is still very difficult. Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is a technique capable of resolving the spatial emission distribution of photoelectrons with an ultimate resolution of ∼10 nm.

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“…While the electron microscope features a myriad of magnetostatic lenses, electrostatic lenses, deflection coils, stigmator coils and pinholes, the column of our UED or UEC instruments, containing just a single magnetostatic lens, seems fairly simple by comparison. Theoretical studies to date [7][8][9][10][11] have treated electron pulses for diffraction and imaging primarily in the absence of focusing fields, thereby relying on several assumptions to match experimental data, which could be violated in reality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the electron pulses in the presence of space-charge will be modeled with typical UED or UEC parameters using two approaches: a mean field model 7,8,10 and an N-body Monte Carlo simulation. 12 The mean field model will be expanded to allow for the incorporation of pulse shaping fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort electron pulses for diffraction, crystallography and microscopy: theoretical and experimental resolutions

Gahlmann

Park

Zewail

2008

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

121

125

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Pulsed electron beams allow for the direct atomic-scale observation of structures with femtosecond to picosecond temporal resolution in a variety of fields ranging from materials science to chemistry and biology, and from the condensed phase to the gas phase. Motivated by recent developments in ultrafast electron diffraction and imaging techniques, we present here a comprehensive account of the fundamental processes involved in electron pulse propagation, and make comparisons with experimental results. The electron pulse, as an ensemble of charged particles, travels under the influence of the space-charge effect and the spread of the momenta among its electrons. The shape and size, as well as the trajectories of the individual electrons, may be altered. The resulting implications on the spatiotemporal resolution capabilities are discussed both for the N-electron pulse and for single-electron coherent packets introduced for microscopy without space-charge.

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Transverse and longitudinal space-charge-induced broadenings of ultrafast electron packets

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Photoemission electron microscopy using extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains

Photoemission electron microscopy using extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains

Imaging Localized Surface Plasmons by Femtosecond to Attosecond Time‐Resolved Photoelectron Emission Microscopy – “ATTO‐PEEM”

Ultrashort electron pulses for diffraction, crystallography and microscopy: theoretical and experimental resolutions

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