Transverse architecture of lahar terraces, inferred from radargrams: preliminary results from Semeru Volcano, Indonesia

Gomez, Christopher; Lavigne, Franck

doi:10.1002/esp.2016

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We lack sufficient well log data to estimate sediment size for lahar terraces, but previous sedimentologic investigations of Osceola Mudflow terraces in the headwaters of the Puyallup suggest they may contain 82 ± 3% (Crandell, 1971) and 84 ± 2% (Vallance & Scott, 1997) sand or coarser material. However, similar to glacial terraces, lahar terraces are likely laterally heterogeneous (Gomez & Lavigne, 2010 Note. Percentages of basin-wide sediment yield reported here are given as a proxy for the relative importance of terrace sediment erosion in each basin, which cannot be compared directly to sediment yield.…”

Section: Importance Of Terrace Erosion To Puget Sound Riversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent Mass Movements From Glacial and Lahar Terraces, Controlled by Both Hillslope Characteristics and Fluvial Erosion, are an Important Sediment Source to Puget Sound Rivers

Scott

Collins

2021

Water Resources Research

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In paraglacial regions, expansive terraces can deliver substantial quantities of sediment to the middle and lowland reaches of river networks (Church & Slaymaker, 1989). This runs counter to the expectation that sediment delivery (i.e., transport of sediment from hillslopes to rivers) is greatest in headwaters (Schumm, 1977;Wohl, 2020), and disrupts the typical trend of downstream decreasing specific sediment yield (Ballantyne, 2002;Kovanen & Slaymaker, 2015;Slaymaker, 2003). Rivers draining to the Puget Sound exemplify this phenomenon. Steep bluffs incised by rivers to form glacial and lahar terraces (hereafter referred to simply as terraces; Figure 1) in this region are landslide prone (LaHusen et al., 2016) and constitute a paraglacial sediment source (Church & Ryder, 1972;Slaymaker, 2009); sediment production from Holocene lahar terraces is an analogous phenomenon, as both involve remobilization of relict sediment deposits

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Section: Importance Of Terrace Erosion To Puget Sound Riversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent Mass Movements From Glacial and Lahar Terraces, Controlled by Both Hillslope Characteristics and Fluvial Erosion, are an Important Sediment Source to Puget Sound Rivers

Scott

Collins

2021

Water Resources Research

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Section: Importance Of Terrace Erosion To Puget Sound Riversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial and Lahar Terrace Erosion Along Puget Sound Rivers

Scott¹,

Collins²

2020

Preprint

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Mass movements from glacial and lahar terraces in the middle and lower reaches of rivers draining the Washington Cascade Range to Puget Sound may represent a substantial portion of those rivers’ sediment supply and pose significant mass movement hazards. However, the quantitative importance of this sediment source is unknown, and the magnitudes, spatial distribution, styles, and controls of these mass movements have only been characterized over limited spatial and temporal extents. We used repeat LiDAR elevation data, aerial imagery, and well logs to quantify and characterize terrace sediment delivery in nine major watersheds over a median period of 12 years. In the 1946 river kilometers for which repeat LiDAR was available (71% of the 2736 total river kilometers flanked by terraces), mass movements eroded 853,300 ± 19,500 m3/yr. This sediment source is low in river networks, well connected to streams, has a substantial coarse-grained and durable component, and is dominated by frequent, relatively small mass movements, all of which increase its significance to sedimentation in developed, lowland reaches. However, rates of terrace sediment delivery vary between basins and between adjacent terraces, which are stratigraphically laterally heterogeneous. While lateral fluvial erosion is usually necessary to initiate terrace mass movements, fluvial characteristics and terrace stratigraphy poorly predict erosion volume, which is better predicted by hillslope geometry and mass movement style. Effective management of sedimentation and mass movement hazard should acknowledge the importance of terrace sediment delivery and the variability between and within watersheds in sediment influx, sediment characteristics, and failure mechanisms.

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“…Since 1967, on average, every 15 min there is an eruption with a low explosivity index [12]. However, the eruption of Mount Semeru is considered not dangerous.…”

Section: The Profile Of Characteristic Volcanic Eruption In Indonesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Volcanic Eruption in Indonesia

Hariyono¹,

Liliasari²

2018

Volcanoes - Geological and Geophysical Setting, Theoretical Aspects and Numerical Modeling, Applications to Industry and Their

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This chapter discusses the unique characteristics of the volcanic eruptions in Indonesia. We know that Indonesia has 147 volcanoes and 76 of them are active volcanoes and spread along the islands of Java, Lesser Sunda, Sumatra, and Celebes. The characteristics of Indonesian volcanoes are quite unique in terms of the formation process, eruption phenomenon, and the resulting natural disasters. Most volcanoes in Indonesia consist of stratovolcanoes, but this does not mean that the resulting eruptions are always explosive and they have a long period. This can be seen from the activity of Semeru that always erupts effusively every day, Sinabung that has a very short eruption period, Tangkuban Perahu eruption that occurs suddenly with the lack of early signs, and Merapi and Kelud that have eruption period that is getting shorter. Based on the results of our study it can be known that the types of volcanic eruption are influenced by the structure of the constituent rocks of the volcanoes. However, the presence of external control factors in the form of large-scale earthquakes will affect their periodicity. The large earthquakes can affect the stability of the magma chamber that can trigger a premature eruption.

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Transverse architecture of lahar terraces, inferred from radargrams: preliminary results from Semeru Volcano, Indonesia

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Frequent Mass Movements From Glacial and Lahar Terraces, Controlled by Both Hillslope Characteristics and Fluvial Erosion, are an Important Sediment Source to Puget Sound Rivers

Frequent Mass Movements From Glacial and Lahar Terraces, Controlled by Both Hillslope Characteristics and Fluvial Erosion, are an Important Sediment Source to Puget Sound Rivers

Glacial and Lahar Terrace Erosion Along Puget Sound Rivers

The Characteristics of Volcanic Eruption in Indonesia

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