Transverse mechanical properties of glass reinforced composite materials at 4K

Cryogenic through-thickness tensile characterization of plain woven glass/epoxy composite laminates using cross specimens: Experimental test and finite element analysis

“…Therefore, load transmission becomes a major problem to be solved for throughthickness tensile tests on composite materials [17]. For cryogenic testing, Baynham et al [18] developed a test procedure utilizing specimens with a circular cross-section bonded to aluminum pieces, to evaluate the through-thickness tensile strength of woven GFRP composites. Issues with this method include the need for finite element analysis to determine a scaling factor in the relation of failure load to failure stress.…”

Challenges in experimental strain analysis: Interfaces and temperature extremes

“…At the other temperature extreme, there are examples of measurements of material behaviour at 4 K 14 but few, if any, examples of experimental strain analysis at cryogenic temperatures. The flight operating temperatures of commercial aircraft are usually taken as −55 °C for design purposes.…”