Transverse sacralization of lumbar vertebrae: prevalence according to Castellvi classification

Abstract

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sacralization of L5 is a congenital anomaly, in which the lumbar vertebra, mainly its transverse process, gets fused or semi-fused with the sacrum or the ilium or to both. This fusion can occur in one or both sides of the body. Sacralization leads to fusion of the L5 (fifth lumbar vertebra) and S1 (first sacral vertebra) and the inter-vertebral disc between them may be narrow. Sacralization of lumbar vertebra may be asymptomatic but is not always clinically insignificant. While sacralization may not affect at all, it can cause problems in some cases. Sacralization may be at times associated with problems in biomechanics and affect the ways of movement and posture control. Sacralization may also be an important consideration in disc surgeries. This study has been carried out to find out prevalence of sacralisation of transverse process of fifth lumbar vertebrae<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study of transverse sacralisation of fifth lumbar vertebra was carried out on 35 randomly selected patients. The sample consisted of patients undergoing CT scan for abdominal complains. Bone window of all patients were evaluated to look for lumbosacral transitional vertebra.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of transverse sacralization of lumbar vertebra turned out to be 25.7% out of which Castellvi type IIb was found to be most common, accounting for 33.3% cases. 5.7% comprised the group of normal variant (Castellvi’s type I) and 68.6% were normal<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span>It is important to determine lumbosacral transitional vertebra as it can affect spinal movement and put excess stress on the lumbar vertebrae and in between disc. Moreover it</span> can have a bearing on counting of vertebral levels specially during planning of spinal surgey<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p> </p>

Sacralization in the Mary Rose and Kronan assemblages: An inconsistently recorded anomaly

“…Simplified tables of the Mary Rose and Kronan results are found in Tables 7 and 8 ( Kronan ). The total frequency of LSTV in the Mary Rose sample of 38.3% compares well with clinical reports (Table 1), in which rates of up to 37% of transitional vertebrae are observed (Eyo et al, 2001; Luoma et al, 2004; Patel et al, 2017) and in which most or even all types (including lumbarization) are also combined. In the Kronan assemblage, 16 sacra (26.7%) had evidence of some type of LSTV.…”

“…In the Kronan assemblage, 16 sacra (26.7%) had evidence of some type of LSTV. However, Eyo et al (2001), Luoma et al (2004), andPatel et al (2017) should not otherwise be compared with this study, as rates of complete sacralization are unclear; clinical studies can sometimes provide guidance, but not like-for-like comparative analyses. Clinical assessments of the living utilize imaging techniques, whereas dry bone assessments provide clear, direct observation of the target element; but most importantly, fibrous union in a living person will impact on biomechanical movement; nerve or ligament entrapment will cause pain and numbness; the need for clinical intervention is the same as for complete sacralization and arguably enhanced (Bron et al, 2007;Kanematsu et al, 2020;Konin & Walz, 2010).…”

Congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral spine

“…[11]), либо полным двухсторонним слиянием поперечного отростка L5 с крестцом (тип IIIb). Частота встречаемости переходного поясничногрудного позвонка зависит от расы [6,12,13] и колеблется в диапазоне от 4 % в китайской популяции до 35,9 % у жителей Турции.…”

“…Обсуждение. По данным литературы, переходный пояснично-крестцовый позвонок -врожденная аномалия развития, возникающая в результате неправильного формирования, миграции, дифференцировки, сегментации или ресегментации склеротомов сомитов [13,16]. Глобальное структурирование осевого скелета млекопитающих и его нормальное развитие обеспечивают Hox гены [17].…”