Transverse slot with control of amplitude and phase for travelling‐wave SIW antenna arrays

5G SIW-Based Phased Antenna Array With Cosecant-Squared Shaped Pattern

“…The antenna array exhibits impedance bandwidth of 18% and consistent cosecant-squared radiation patterns in a frequency band of 3.5% (bandwidth reduction in comparison with the impedance is due to beam squint). This is considerable improvement over the basic element slot from [24] with the gain of about 5.5 dBi and the operational bandwidth of the subarray was about 1%. The azimuth scanning range of the phased array with low scan loss is more than +/−60 • .…”

“…The transverse slot complemented by a pair of reflectioncanceling vias and a phase shifter [24] is a good starting point for the SIW-based array with an arbitrary amplitude and phase distribution along the line due to the independent control of the amplitude and phase distributions. To overcome the limitations of a transverse slot in terms of impedance bandwidth (which is only about 3%) and gain, another dielectric layer with a microstrip patch on the top is added.…”

“…However, microstrip-line feeding causes parasitic radiation and large losses, especially at high frequencies [18]. To improve the efficiency of the feeding network, the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique with low cost and high integration capability is commonly adopted [19]- [24]. The introduction of cosecant-based hybrid beam forming in millimeter wave, multiuser 5G applications was first presented in [25] using an antenna system based on longitudinal slots fed by SIW in combination with microstrip patches.…”

“…In this article, we propose to combine the transversal slots for vertical (along the waveguide axis) polarization with a microstrip patch to achieve higher gain (allowing for the required +55 dBm EIRP) and much wider operational bandwidth in comparison with previous author's work [24]. Pair of reflection-canceling vias and a phase element are added to SIW to realize a tapered distribution both in amplitude and phase and provide a cosecant shaped radiation pattern.…”

Shaped-Beam Subarrays for Equi-Power Urban Area Coverage With Modularity and Low Cost

“…The slotted SIW structure shown in Fig. 7 was first proposed in [10] and is further developed in this paper to realize the innovative patterns from Section III. The vias on the side of the waveguide are replaced by continuous PEC walls for fast simulation.…”