Trapping and Manipulating Atoms on Chips

Reichel, Jakob

doi:10.1002/9783527633357.ch2

Cited by 47 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the case of superconducting atom-chip experiments such as in Refs. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], the sample temperature is fixed to that of the superconducting chip and not tunable. The SQCRAMscope allows any approximately 1-cm 2 area, ≤150-μm-thin sample made of UHV-compatible material to be imaged from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Magnetic Fields with a Giant Quantum Wave

Fortágh

Günther

2017

Physics

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Microscopic imaging of local magnetic fields provides a window into the organizing principles of complex and technologically relevant condensed-matter materials. However, a wide variety of intriguing strongly correlated and topologically nontrivial materials exhibit poorly understood phenomena outside the detection capability of state-of-the-art high-sensitivity high-resolution scanning probe magnetometers. We introduce a quantum-noise-limited scanning probe magnetometer that can operate from room-to-cryogenic temperatures with unprecedented dc-field sensitivity and micron-scale resolution. The Scanning Quantum Cryogenic Atom Microscope (SQCRAMscope) employs a magnetically levitated atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), thereby providing immunity to conductive and blackbody radiative heating. The SQCRAMscope has a field sensitivity of 1.4 nT per resolution-limited point (approximately 2 μm) or 6 nT= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p per point at its duty cycle. Compared to point-by-point sensors, the long length of the BEC provides a naturally parallel measurement, allowing one to measure nearly 100 points with an effective field sensitivity of 600 pT= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p for each point during the same time as a point-by-point scanner measures these points sequentially. Moreover, it has a noise floor of 300 pT and provides nearly 2 orders of magnitude improvement in magnetic flux sensitivity (down to 10 −6 Φ 0 = ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p ) over previous atomic probe magnetometers capable of scanning near samples. These capabilities are carefully benchmarked by imaging magnetic fields arising from microfabricated wire patterns in a system where samples may be scanned, cryogenically cooled, and easily exchanged. We anticipate the SQCRAMscope will provide charge-transport images at temperatures from room temperature to 4 K in unconventional superconductors and topologically nontrivial materials.

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Section: Comparison To Other Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Magnetic Fields with a Giant Quantum Wave

Fortágh

Günther

2017

Physics

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“…The MicroMOTs are likely to incorporate atom chips which commonly use silicon as a substrate due to its high thermal conductivity and the vast array of available semiconductor processing techniques 29 . Coincidentally silicon, as we shall see in the following sections, is a very suitable UHV material: it has extremely low permeation and outgassing rates at room temperature, it has several CTE-matched optical materials available, it is produced with a high purity (to the 9N level), and can withstand high temperatures necessary for baking and bonding.…”

Section: Uhv In a Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The many applications that will benefit most from ultracold quantum technology are likely to require far smaller and more rugged devices which can be mass-produced and do not require the user to understand the internal operation in detail. One can already see the opportunities made possible with the move to microfabricated atom and ion traps [28][29][30][31] , but these firmly remain 'chip-in-a-lab' components rather than 'lab-in-achip' systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Contributed Review: The feasibility of a fully miniaturized magneto-optical trap for portable ultracold quantum technology

Rushton

Aldous

Himsworth

2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

107

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Experiments using laser cooled atoms and ions show real promise for practical applications in quantumenhanced metrology, timing, navigation, and sensing as well as exotic roles in quantum computing, networking and simulation. The heart of many of these experiments has been translated to microfabricated platforms known as atom chips whose construction readily lend themselves to integration with larger systems and future mass production. To truly make the jump from laboratory demonstrations to practical, rugged devices, the complex surrounding infrastructure (including vacuum systems, optics, and lasers) also needs to be miniaturized and integrated. In this paper we explore the feasibility of applying this approach to the Magneto-Optical Trap; incorporating the vacuum system, atom source and optical geometry into a permanently sealed microlitre system capable of maintaining 10 −10 mbar for more than 1000 days of operation with passive pumping alone. We demonstrate such an engineering challenge is achievable using recent advances in semiconductor microfabrication techniques and materials.PACS numbers: 07.07.Df, 37.10.Gh, 07.30.Kf, I. ULTRACOLD QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYSince the first demonstrations of atoms and ions at sub-millikelvin temperatures in the mid-1980s, the field of atomic physics has been revolutionized by laser cooling and trapping as it provides researchers with a method to probe some of the purest and sensitive quantum systems available. This field is still highly productive and recently has put significant emphasis on the practical applications of this technology beyond the laboratory 1,2 . It was evident very early on that ultracold matter would be an indispensable tool in precise timing applications and a recent demonstration 3 has shown extremely low instabilities at the 10 −18 level. The wavelike nature of atoms as they are cooled to lower temperatures can be used to form atomic interferometers that outperform optical counterparts in measurements of accelerated reference frames 4-7 , which are important for inertial guidance systems, but can also provide sensitive measurements of mass, charge and magnetic fields [8][9][10][11] . Greater sensitivity beyond the classical limit is possible via squeezed 12 and entangled states 13-15 , which are also fundamental attributes for quantum computing 16,17 , and long distance quantum networking 18 . Ultracold matter has been used in the emerging field of quantum simulation 19 and is an indispensable tool in determining fundamental constants 20 , testing general relativity 21 and defining measurement standards 22 . Many researchers and industries believe such tools will be a major part of the 'second quantum revolution' in which the more 'exotic' properties of quantum physics are applied for practical applications 23,24 .The field of ultracold matter has reached a matua) m.d.himsworth@soton.ac.uk rity in both experimental methods and theoretical understanding allowing experiments to begin leaving the laboratory 25-27 . These systems are bespoke, rarely take up a ...

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“…It is reproduced by analyzing several noise contributions, in particular atom number, temperature and magnetic field fluctuations. The compact set-up is realized through the atom chip technology [27], which builds on the vast knowledge of microfabrication. The use of atom chips is also widespread for the study of Bose-Einstein condensates [9,28], degenerate Fermi gases [29] and gases in low dimensions [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of a trapped-atom clock on a chip

et al. 2015

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We present a compact atomic clock interrogating ultracold 87 Rb magnetically trapped on an atom chip. Very long coherence times sustained by spin self-rephasing allow us to interrogate the atomic transition with 85% contrast at 5 s Ramsey time. The clock exhibits a fractional frequency stability of 5.8 × 10 −13 at 1 s and is likely to integrate into the 10 −15 range in less than a day. A detailed analysis of 7 noise sources explains the measured frequency stability. Fluctuations in the atom temperature (0.4 nK shot-to-shot) and in the offset magnetic field (5 × 10 −6 relative fluctuations shot-to-shot) are the main noise sources together with the local oscillator, which is degraded by the 30% duty cycle. The analysis suggests technical improvements to be implemented in a future second generation set-up. The results demonstrate the remarkable degree of technical control that can be reached in an atom chip experiment.

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Trapping and Manipulating Atoms on Chips

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Sensing Magnetic Fields with a Giant Quantum Wave

Sensing Magnetic Fields with a Giant Quantum Wave

Contributed Review: The feasibility of a fully miniaturized magneto-optical trap for portable ultracold quantum technology

Stability of a trapped-atom clock on a chip

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