Trapping as a means of studying the game tsetse, <i>Glossina pallidipes</i> Aust.

Morris, K. R. S.

doi:10.1017/s0007485300055152

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Curson (1924) found two activity peaks. Morris (1960) reported a midday peak, while Smith & Rennison (1961), Pilson & Leggate (1962), Harley (1965) and Jaenson (1978) reported major activity in the late afternoon. Morris (1960) reported a midday peak, while Smith & Rennison (1961), Pilson & Leggate (1962), Harley (1965) and Jaenson (1978) reported major activity in the late afternoon.…”

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confidence: 99%

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE DIURNAL ACTIVITY PATTERN IN TWO FIELD AND LABORATORY POPULATIONS OF GLOSSINA PALLIDIPES

Etten

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Comparisons were made in the field and in the laboratory of the diurnal activity patterns of Glossina pallidipes Austen in Kenya; Nkruman and Mwalewa. In the field, different diurnal activity patterns were found. Flies from Nkruman showed a late afternoon peak, especially for males, while flies from Mwalewa had a major activity peak in the morning, a smaller afternoon peak, and a clear midday depression. The activity of d d from both areas was positively correlated with temperature in the early morning and in the late afternoon. In the early afternoon, the activity of d c~ from Mwalewa was negatively correlated with temperature, while for Nkruman d 8 no correlation was found. Males from Mwalewa show the highest activity around 30*, while the highest activity for d d from Nkruman is found at around 34---36 °.Laboratory studies showed that the total daily activity of d ~ from both areas increased with increasing hunger. At 24* the spontaneous activity pattern of d d from Nkruman showed a progressive increase in activity throughout the day, while that of d c~ from Mwalewa showed a midday peak.The results of the laboratory study on the spontaneous activity pattern help to understand the activity patterns observed in the field. The differences in spontaneous activity patterns, survival in relation to temperature, and the effect of temperature and hunger on these patterns, seem to be under genetic control. KEY WORDS: Glossina pallidipes ~ Diurnal activity pattern m Spontaneous activity patternAllopatric populations --Endogenous pattern --Population diversity.

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confidence: 99%

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE DIURNAL ACTIVITY PATTERN IN TWO FIELD AND LABORATORY POPULATIONS OF GLOSSINA PALLIDIPES

Etten

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Since a natural tsetse population contains about 20% males and 80% females (Morris, 1960;Glasgow & Duffy, 1961), a suitable sampling technique is one that catches males and females in the proportion of 1:4. In this respect the Langridge-trap method is better for sampling G. pallidipes than is the fly-round which catches more males than females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft applications of insecticides in East Africa. XIX. A comparison of two sampling techniques for assessing the effectiveness of pyrethrum applications on Glossina pallidipes Aust.

Tarimo

Lee

Parker

et al. 1970

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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IntroductionThis paper briefly describes an experiment in the Lossitete Forest area of northern Tanzania (Irving et al., 1969) to compare the fly-round and Langridge-trap techniques of assessing populations of Glossina pallidipes Aust. before and after treatment of the area with pyrethrum from the air. The experiment was carried out in 1968 using aerial-spraying techniques previously described by Irving et al. (1969). Three spray applications were completed. In applications 1 and 2 an oil solution of 25% pyrethrum concentrate was diluted with power kerosene to give a final concentration of 0-4% w/v active pyrethrins; 2% piperonyl butoxide was added as synergist. For the third application, 5% DDT was added to the synergised pyrethrum solution. Methods Fly-round techniqueFlies were caught along a 9 400-yd fly-round at least twice a week by a group of men carrying a black cloth screen. Patrolling the fly-round by the catching party was started at the same time each day, but the finishing time varied depending on the numbers caught at each catching station. The persons in the catching party were changed as little as possible, and an attempt was made to eliminate the effect of time on the catch by starting the round at different ends on alternate days. Langridge-trap techniqueTwelve Langridge traps were used. The traps were first placed randomly in the experimental area and their positions were then changed till the most densely populated areas had been found. The trapping sites in the densely populated areas were regularly changed to eliminate the catching-out effect. The traps were inspected and emptied every weekday at about the same time, so that the catching period was the same for each trap every day. ResultsAssessment of the effectiveness of the pyrethrum applications was worked out by the fly-round technique and the Langridge-trap technique. Results for the fly-round technique are based on 72 flies (35 non-teneral males and 23 non-teneral females) which were caught before spraying, and 25 flies (8 non-teneral males and 6 non-teneral females), 46 flies (17 non-teneral males and 19 non-teneral females) and 57 flies (20 nonteneral males and 17 non-teneral females) which were captured after the first, second and third spray applications, respectively; the results for the Langridge-trap technique are based on 6 467 flies (1 430 males and 5 037 females) trapped before and 5 754 flies (1 308 males and 4446 females), 6 013 flies (1 362 males and 4651 females) and 13 310 flies (3 253 males and 10 057 females) trapped after the first, second and third spray (L 4683) c 2 2 2 C. S. TARIMO, C. W. LEE, J. D. PARKER and H. T. MATECHITABLE I. Percentage reductions in densities of G. pallidipes after pyrethrum applications from the air, as shown by fly-rounds and Langridge traps Fly-round technique Langridge-trap technique Application Non-teneral Non-teneral Teneral Total Males Females Total males females flies flies flies 1 78 74 21 64 9 12 11 2 52 18 29 36 5 8 7 3 43 26 -29 ---applications, respecti...

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“…A particular host species, with high population density, in a tsetse habitat may cause more flies to feed on it. BARRAS (1960BARRAS ( , 1970, MORRIS (1960), HARLEY (1963), SMITH and RENNISON (1961) and SAUNDERS (1964) showed that tsetse are attracted to dark colours, while FULLER and MOSSOP (1929) noted the attractiveness of shaded cavities which are mistaken for the belly of an animal. WEITZ (1963), on examination by immunological methods of 22,640 blood-meal squashes from 15 Glossina species in East Africa, concluded that each species has its characteristic behaviour not dependent on availability of the different hosts and further suggested that feeding habits are genetically determined.…”

Section: Host Selection and Feeding Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although impala, wildebeest, waterbuck, and particularly zebra occurred in large numbers in collection areas, they were ignored. Darker colours are not necessarily the most attractive (MORRIS, 1960;SAUNDERS, 1964). Adaptation to new hosts is therefore possible.…”

Section: Host Selection and Feeding Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of host selection by tsetse flies

Onyiah

1980

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Mobility of tsetse flies is influenced by various factors including the search for a blood-meal. Field observations on the feeding behaviour of tsetse are difficult. The use of bait animals for experimental purposes may indicate food sources but not host selection under natural conditions. Availability and density of a particular potential host species in a tsetse habitat can influence the feeding habit of the latter. Flies are capable of adapting to new host species in the absence of the usual ones. Host selection might be due principally to availability of host(s) and not based on true preference. Tsetse flies respond to visual stimuli from moving objects. Their shape, colour and size are important factors eliciting visual response. Whether these factors are distinguished separately or in combinations is not clear. Odour emanating from live hosts causes up-wind olfactory response towards the source(s), resulting in actual landing on test targets even when the hosts are out of sight. The components of odour have not been isolated. It is therefore doubtful if host selection can be associated with odour, as this might imply that tsetse can differentiate the odours of the different potential hosts. The difficulties in ascertaining true host selection by tsetse are discussed to stimulate further investigations.

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Trapping as a means of studying the game tsetse, Glossina pallidipes Aust.

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE DIURNAL ACTIVITY PATTERN IN TWO FIELD AND LABORATORY POPULATIONS OF GLOSSINA PALLIDIPES

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE DIURNAL ACTIVITY PATTERN IN TWO FIELD AND LABORATORY POPULATIONS OF GLOSSINA PALLIDIPES

Aircraft applications of insecticides in East Africa. XIX. A comparison of two sampling techniques for assessing the effectiveness of pyrethrum applications on Glossina pallidipes Aust.

Mechanism of host selection by tsetse flies

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