Trapping as an alternative method of eradicating classical swine fever in a wild boar population in Bulgaria

Alexandrov, Tsviatko; Kamenov, P.; Stefanov, Dimitar; Depner, Klaus

doi:10.20506/rst.30.3.2085

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Similarly, response to the FMDV-like virus was ineffective unless the response was initiated within a few days of introduction. In contrast, response to the CSFV-like virus was highly effective even if it was not detected until 60 days after the index case, which is consistent with results from a trapping campaign in Bulgaria 32 and a simulation model depicting Australian conditions 27 . Our results suggest that allotting resources for intense culling of feral swine after an FMDV-like virus has emerged may be relatively fruitless because the virus will likely be self-limiting whereas culling in response to a CSFV-like virus could be highly effective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Disease-emergence dynamics and control in a socially-structured wildlife species

Pepin

VerCauteren

2016

Sci Rep

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Once a pathogen is introduced in a population, key factors governing rate of spread include contact structure, supply of susceptible individuals and pathogen life-history. We examined the interplay of these factors on emergence dynamics and efficacy of disease prevention and response. We contrasted transmission dynamics of livestock viruses with different life-histories in hypothetical populations of feral swine with different contact structures (homogenous, metapopulation, spatial and network). Persistence probability was near 0 for the FMDV-like case under a wide range of parameter values and contact structures, while persistence was probable for the CSFV-like case. There were no sets of conditions where the FMDV-like pathogen persisted in every stochastic simulation. Even when population growth rates were up to 300% annually, the FMDV-like pathogen persisted in <25% of simulations regardless of transmission probabilities and contact structure. For networks and spatial contact structure, persistence probability of the FMDV-like pathogen was always <10%. Because of its low persistence probability, even very early response to the FMDV-like pathogen in feral swine was unwarranted while response to the CSFV-like pathogen was generally effective. When pre-emergence culling of feral swine caused population declines, it was effective at decreasing outbreak size of both diseases by ≥80%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Disease-emergence dynamics and control in a socially-structured wildlife species

Pepin

VerCauteren

2016

Sci Rep

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“…At that time, CSF control in wild boar was supposed to be achieved through depopulation only, such as used in domestic pigs, and depopulation was expected to be performed by increasing hunting pressure and/or destroying trap-captured animals ( EFSA, 2008 ). Such depopulation strategy was even recommended by the European experts and the former EU legislation to the member states faced with CSF in wild boar ( Alexandrov et al, 2011 ; 91/685/CEE, Art. 6, par.…”

Section: Alternative or Complementary Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One may even fear that the actual hunting pressure during the early stage of the outbreaks was actually lower than before CSFV emergence due to the lethality induced by the virus and the difficulty of hunting sparse animals ( Rossi et al, 2005a ). Additional “depopulation tools” such as trap-capture or poisoning, were sometimes carried out in the field in Europe ( Alexandrov et al, 2011 ), but trapping is not cost-effective for the large-scale management of wild boar and poisoning has been considered unacceptable for both animal welfare and human safety in Europe ( EFSA, 2008 ). Finally, more recent studies suggested that the density-dependent approach was not effective for eradication of CSF given that: (i) wild boar density is not the main factor driving CSF persistence which rather relys on landscape structure (related to the total population size at risk) and the moderate virulence of virus strains involved in wild outbreaks ( Rossi et al, 2005a ; Kramer-Schadt et al, 2009 ), (ii) increasing hunting pressure might increase population turnover and increase the risk of disease persistence in naïve piglets ( EFSA, 2008 ), (iii) hunting is known to increase home range size and could thus contribute to increasing the mixing and disease transmission between social groups or subpopulations ( Keuling et al, 2008 ; Saïd et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Alternative or Complementary Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling of CSFV in European wild boar using oral vaccination: a review

et al. 2015

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Classical swine fever (CSF) is among the most detrimental diseases for the swine industry worldwide. Infected wild boar populations can play a crucial role in CSF epidemiology and controlling wild reservoirs is of utmost importance for preventing domestic outbreaks. Oral mass vaccination (OMV) has been implemented to control CSF in wild boars and limit the spill over to domestic pigs. This retrospective overview of vaccination experiences illustrates the potential for that option. The C-strain live vaccine was confirmed to be highly efficacious and palatable baits were developed for oral delivery in free ranging wild boars. The first field trials were performed in Germany in the 1990’s and allowed deploying oral baits at a large scale. The delivery process was further improved during the 2000’s among different European countries. Optimal deployment has to be early regarding disease emergence and correctly designed regarding the landscape structure and the natural food sources that can compete with oral baits. OMV deployment is also highly dependent on a local veterinary support working closely with hunters, wildlife and forestry agencies. Vaccination has been the most efficient strategy for CSF control in free ranging wild boar when vaccination is wide spread and lasting for a sufficient period of time. Alternative disease control strategies such as intensified hunting or creating physical boundaries such as fences have been, in contrast, seldom satisfactory and reliable. However, monitoring outbreaks has been challenging during and after vaccination deployment since OMV results in a low probability to detect virus-positive animals and the live-vaccine currently available does not allow serological differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. The development of a new marker vaccine and companion test is thus a promising option for better monitoring outbreaks during OMV deployment as well as help to better determine when to stop vaccination efforts. After rabies in red fox, the use of OMV against CSF in European wild boar can be considered as a second example of successful disease control in wildlife. The 30 years of disease control experience included in this review may provide options for improving future disease management within wild populations.

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“…Trapping has been used to control/eradicate Sus scrofa (including WB and feral swine) globally (McCann and Garcelon, 2008 ; Alexandrov et al., 2011 ; Ballari et al., 2015 ). Trapping is more effective if it is used in conjunction with other methods, such as hunting/culling or tracking dogs (McCann and Garcelon, 2008 ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research priorities to fill knowledge gaps in wild boar management measures that could improve the control of African swine fever in wild boar populations

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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Trapping as an alternative method of eradicating classical swine fever in a wild boar population in Bulgaria

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Disease-emergence dynamics and control in a socially-structured wildlife species

Disease-emergence dynamics and control in a socially-structured wildlife species

Controlling of CSFV in European wild boar using oral vaccination: a review

Research priorities to fill knowledge gaps in wild boar management measures that could improve the control of African swine fever in wild boar populations

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