Trapping efficiency of bottom-tethered sediment traps estimated from the intercepted fluxes of and

Yu, Ein-Fen; François, Roger; Bacon, Michael P.; Honjo, Susumu; Fleer, A.P.; Manganini, Steven J.; Loeff, Michiel M Rutgers van der; Ittekot, V.

doi:10.1016/s0967-0637(00)00067-4

Cited by 205 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Under these conditions the exportable production at K2 would be greater than ALOHA, but only for D1 (Elskens et al, this volume and unpublished data from ALOHA). When comparing traps at different depths and of differing designs, one should also consider complications due to trapping efficiencies (Buesseler, 1991;Scholten et al, 2001;Yu et al, 2001). For K2, Honda (unpublished data) show using 230 Th and 231 Pa data that the deep trap collection efficiency lies between 37-51%.…”

Section: Comparison Of Primary Production and Shallow Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific

Buesseler

Trull

Steinberg

et al. 2008

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

121

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The VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) study examined particle sources and fluxes through the ocean's "twilight zone" (defined here as depths below the euphotic zone to 1000 m). Interdisciplinary process studies were conducted at contrasting sites off Hawaii (ALOHA) and in the NW Pacific (K2) during 3 week occupations in 2004 and 2005, respectively. We examine in this overview paper the contrasting physical, chemical and biological settings and how these conditions impact the source characteristics of the sinking material and the transport efficiency through the twilight zone. A major finding in VERTIGO is the considerably lower transfer efficiency (T eff ) of particulate organic carbon (POC), POC flux 500 / 150 m, at ALOHA (20%) vs. K2 (50%). This efficiency is higher in the diatom-dominated setting at K2 where silica-rich particles dominate the flux at the end of a diatom bloom, and where zooplankton and their pellets are larger. At K2, the drawdown of macronutrients is used to assess export and suggests that shallow remineralization above our 150 m trap is significant, especially for N relative to Si. We explore here also surface export ratios (POC flux/primary production) and possible reasons why this ratio is higher at K2, especially during the first trap deployment. When we compare the 500 m fluxes to deep moored traps, both sites lose about half of the sinking POC by >4000 m, but this comparison is limited in that fluxes at depth may have both a local and distant component.Certainly, the greatest difference in particle flux attenuation is in the mesopelagic, and we highlight other VERTIGO papers that provide a more detailed examination of the particle sources, flux and processes that attenuate the flux of sinking particles. Ultimately, we contend that at least three types of processes need to be considered: heterotrophic degradation of sinking particles, zooplankton migration and surface feeding, and lateral sources of suspended and sinking materials. We have evidence that all of these processes impacted the net attenuation of particle flux vs. depth measured in VERTIGO and would therefore need to be considered and quantified in order to understand the magnitude and efficiency of the ocean's biological pump.

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Section: Comparison Of Primary Production and Shallow Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific

Buesseler

Trull

Steinberg

et al. 2008

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

121

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“…These tracers have been widely used in marine environments to determine particle removal rates, settling velocity of particles, and export of particulate organic carbon, and they may allow to distinguish between vertical and lateral transport of particulate organic matter in more detail (e.g., Yu et al, 2001;Rutgers van der Loeff et al, 2002;Trimble et al, 2004;Baskaran, 2005). These data, however, are not yet available for the area of sediment trap Lomo2.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Fahl

Nöthig

2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

109

107

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Investigations of lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes using long-term sediment traps are still very rare in the northern high latitudes and are restricted to the arctic marginal seas and sub-arctic regions. Here data on the variability of fluxes of lithogenic matter, CaCO 3 , opal, and organic carbon and biomarker composition from the central Arctic Ocean are presented for a 1-year period. The study was carried out on material obtained from a long-term mooring system equipped with two multi-sampling traps, at 150 and 1550 m depth, and deployed on the southern Lomonosov Ridge close to the Laptev Sea continental margin from September 1995 to August 1996. In addition, data from surface sediments were included in the study. Annual fluxes of lithogenic matter, CaCO 3 , opal, and particulate organic carbon were 3.9, 0.8, 2.6, and 1.5 g m À2 y À1 , respectively, in the shallow trap and 11.3, 0.5, 2.9, and 1.05 g m À2 y À1 , respectively, in the deep trap.Both the shallow and the deep trap showed significant variations in vertical flux over the year. Higher values were found from mid-July to the end of October (total mass flux of 75-130 mg m À2 d À1 in the shallow trap and 40-225 mg m À2 d À1 in the deep trap). During all other months, fluxes were fairly low in both traps (most total mass flux values o10 mg m À2 d À1 ). The interval of increased fluxes can be separated into (1) a mid-July/August maximum caused by increased primary production as documented in high abundances of marine biomarkers and diatoms and (2) a September/October maximum caused by increased influence of Lena River discharge indicated by maximum lithogenic flux and large amounts of terrigenous/fluvial biomarkers in both traps. During September/October, total mass fluxes in the deep trap were significantly higher than in the shallow trap, suggesting a lateral sediment flux at greater depth. The lithogenic flux data also support the importance of sediment input from the Laptev Sea for the sediment accumulation on the Lomonosov Ridge on geological time scales, as indicated in sedimentary records from this region. r

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“…Average annual values obtained from monthly measurements during several years using these traps, both in the subtropical Atlantic (Station BATS; Lohrenz et al 1992) and central Pacific (Station ALOHA; Karl et al 1996), yield similar values (0.7-0.9 mol C m −2 a −1 ), about three to fourfold lower than geochemical estimates of new production Emerson et al 1997); that is, the part of the carbon fixed that is not respired until it has been removed from the epipelagic zone to the dark ocean (Platt et al 1992). Several studies using particle-reactive natural radio nuclides ( 234 Th, 230 Th, and 231 Pa) as a tracer for sinking particles, have convincingly demonstrated that both free-floating and moored sediment traps deployed in the mesopelagic zone severely underestimate the particle flux (Buesseler 1991;Buesseler et al 2000;Scholten et al 2001;Yu et al 2001). In contrast, traps in the bathypelagic zone seem to intercept the vertical flux of particles more effectively (Yu et al 2001).…”

Section: Delivery Of Pocmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies using particle-reactive natural radio nuclides ( 234 Th, 230 Th, and 231 Pa) as a tracer for sinking particles, have convincingly demonstrated that both free-floating and moored sediment traps deployed in the mesopelagic zone severely underestimate the particle flux (Buesseler 1991;Buesseler et al 2000;Scholten et al 2001;Yu et al 2001). In contrast, traps in the bathypelagic zone seem to intercept the vertical flux of particles more effectively (Yu et al 2001).…”

Section: Delivery Of Pocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Arı́stegui¹,

Agustı́²,

Middelburg³

et al. 2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

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OutlineIn this chapter the mechanisms of transport and remineralization of organic matter in the dark water-column and sediments of the oceans are reviewed. We compare the different approaches to estimate respiration rates, and discuss the discrepancies obtained by the different methodologies. Finally, a respiratory carbon budget is produced for the dark ocean, which includes vertical and lateral fluxes of organic matter. In spite of the uncertainties inherent in the different approaches to estimate carbon fluxes and oxygen consumption in the dark ocean, estimates vary only by a factor of 1.5. Overall, direct measurements of respiration, as well as indirect approaches, converge to suggest a total dark ocean respiration of 1.5-1.7 Pmol C a −1 . Carbon mass balances in the dark ocean suggest that the dark ocean receives 1.5-1.6 Pmol C a −1 , similar to the estimated respiration, of which >70% is in the form of sinking particles. Almost all the organic matter (∼92%) is remineralized in the water column, the burial in sediments accounts for <1%. Mesopelagic (150-1000 m) respiration accounts for ∼70% of dark ocean respiration, with average integrated rates of 3-4 mol C m −2 a −1 , 6-8 times greater than in the bathypelagic zone (∼0.5 mol C m −2 a −1 ). The results presented here renders respiration in the dark ocean a major component of the carbon flux in the biosphere, and should promote research in the dark ocean, with the aim of better constraining the role of the biological pump in the removal and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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Trapping efficiency of bottom-tethered sediment traps estimated from the intercepted fluxes of and

Cited by 205 publications

References 42 publications

VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific

VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

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