A series of heteroleptic bipyridine Pd(II) complexes
based on 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene
(dpp-Bian) or 1,2-bis[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (tmp-Bian)
were prepared. All complexes were fully characterized by spectrochemical
methods, and their crystal structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction
analysis. The 72 h stability of heteroleptic bipyridine Pd(II) complexes
with Bian ligands under physiological conditions was investigated
using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The anticancer activity of all
complexes was assessed in a panel of cancer cell lines in comparison
with uncoordinated ligands and clinically used drugs cisplatin and
doxorubicin. The ability of the complexes to bind DNA was investigated
using several methods, including EtBr replacement assay, density functional
theory calculations, circular dichroism spectroscopy, DNA gel electrophoresis,
and TUNEL assay. The electrochemical activity of all complexes and
the uncoordinated ligands was studied using cyclic voltammetry, and
reactive oxygen species production in cancer cells was investigated
using confocal microscopy. Heteroleptic bipyridine PdII-Bian complexes were cytotoxic in a low micromolar concentration
range and showed some selectivity toward cancer cells in comparison
with noncancerous MRC-5 lung fibroblasts.