Trapping of Neutral Sodium Atoms with Radiation Pressure

Raab, E. L.; Prentiss, Mara; Cable, Alex; Chu, Steven; Pritchard, David E.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.2631

Cited by 1,275 publications

(729 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This included magnetic trapping, first demonstrated by the Gaithersburg group [15], where a magnetic quadrupole trap was used to confine the atoms, and optical trapping, first demonstrated at Bell laboratories by Chu et al [16], where the dipole force from a single, strongly focused laser beam was used to trap laser-cooled atoms. Magneto-optical traps (MOTs) combine cooling and trapping caused by radiation pressure [17]. Laser-cooling methods combined with magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling methods [18] led to the demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation in 1995 [19,20].…”

Section: Laser Cooling and Optical Molassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultracold atoms and precise time standards

Campbell

Phillips

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Experimental techniques of laser cooling and trapping, along with other cooling techniques, have produced gaseous samples of atoms so cold that they are, for many practical purposes, in the quantum ground state of their centre-of-mass motion. Such low velocities have virtually eliminated effects such as Doppler shifts, relativistic time dilation and observation-time broadening that previously limited the performance of atomic frequency standards. Today, the best laser-cooled, caesium atomic fountain, microwave frequency standards realize the International System of Units (SI) definition of the second to a relative accuracy of ≈3 × 10 −16 . Optical frequency standards, which do not realize the SI second, have even better performance: cold neutral atoms trapped in optical lattices now yield relative systematic uncertainties of ≈1 × 10 −16 , whereas cold-trapped ions have systematic uncertainties of 9 × 10 −18 . We will discuss the current limitations in the performance of neutral atom atomic frequency standards and prospects for the future.

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Section: Laser Cooling and Optical Molassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultracold atoms and precise time standards

Campbell

Phillips

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…There are many types of trapping systems, including (non-extensively): Paul traps [83], magneto-optical traps (MOT) [84], electron beam ion traps (EBIT) [85], etc. However, the specific traps that are relevant to the ALPHA system and thus will be described here are the Penning-Malmberg trap for charged particles and plasmas, and the minimum-B neutral atom trap.…”

Section: Three-body Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Trapped Antihydrogen

Hydomako

2013

Springer Theses

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The ALPHA experiment is an international effort to produce, trap, and perform precision spectroscopic measurements on antihydrogen (the bound state of a positron and an antiproton). Based at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility at CERN, the ALPHA experiment has recently magnetically confined antihydrogen atoms for the first time. A crucial element in the observation of trapped antihydrogen is ALPHA's silicon vertexing detector. This detector contains sixty silicon modules arranged in three concentric layers, and is able to determine the three-dimensional location of the annihilation of an antihydrogen atom by reconstructing the trajectories of the produced annihilation products.This dissertation focuses mainly on the methods used to reconstruct the annihilation location. Specifically, the software algorithms used to identify and extrapolate charged particle tracks are presented along with the routines used to estimate the annihilation location from the convergence of the identified tracks. It is shown that these methods can determine the annihilation location with a spatial resolution between about 0.6 to 0.8 cm (depending on the coordinate being measured). Furthermore, a robust analysis to identify and reduce cosmic ray background events is described. The cosmic ray background can obscure the trapped antihydrogen signal, and its suppression leads to a significant increase in the annihilation detection sensitivity. The background suppression analysis involves examining the reconstructed detector event based on several selection criteria, including: the number of charged particle tracks, the radial vertex position, and a fit of a straight line to the event hit positions. By carefully optimizing these criteria, (99.54 ± 0.02)% of cosmic ray events are rejected, while (64.4 ± 0.1)% of antihydrogen annihilation events are retained. Finally, the experimental results demonstrating the first-ever magnetic confinement of antihydrogen atoms are presented. These results rely heavily on the silicon i detector, and as such, the role of the annihilation vertex reconstruction is emphasized.

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“…An effusive oven, combined with a Zeeman slower [25], creates a beam of slow atoms which are captured in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) [26] and then transferred into a magnetic trap. In future experiments the cold atomic cloud will be transported from this preparation setup in the 6 K environment to the mK environment using a magnetic conveyor belt, the path of which will be curved to avoid 6 K thermal radiation reaching the mK environment.…”

Section: Cold Atom Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapping of ultracold atoms in a 3He/4He dilution refrigerator

et al. 2013

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We describe the preparation of ultra cold atomic clouds in a dilution refrigerator. The closed cycle 3 He/ 4 He cryostat was custom made to provide optical access for laser cooling, optical manipulation and detection of atoms. We show that the cryostat meets the requirements for cold atom experiments, specifically in terms of operating a magneto-optical trap, magnetic traps and magnetic transport under ultra high vacuum conditions. The presented system is a step towards the creation of a quantum hybrid system combining ultra cold atoms and solid state quantum devices.PACS numbers: 37.10.Gh 07.20.-N The development of cold atom/solid state hybrid systems holds the promise of creating a quantum interface between printed electronic circuits, atoms and light [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] with applications in quantum electronics and information processing. Several groups are currently preparing cold atomic clouds in the vicinity of superconducting chips at 77 K, cooled by liquid nitrogen, and at 4 K, cooled by liquid 4 He [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The vision of quantum state transfer between superconducting circuits and cold atoms requires further experimental development, in particular the preparation of atomic clouds close to millikelvin surfaces. This low temperature is required to operate superconducting quantum circuits and also enhances the coherence time of solid state quantum bits, which must be long enough to realize quantum state transfer to atomic degrees of freedom.The conditions for cold atom preparation and the operation of mK environments are, however, very different. The first requires several tens of milliwatts of laser power for laser cooling [24]. The second is highly sensitive to heat sources such as laser radiation, since the cooling power of dilution refrigerators is typically less than a milliwatt. Here, we describe an experimental setup that fulfills the requirements for both the production of ultra cold atoms and operation of a mK environment. We trap rubidium atoms in a 6 K environment inside a 3 He/ 4 He dilution refrigerator capable of mK temperatures. We demonstrate the operation of a magnetooptical trap loaded by a beam of slow atoms produced with a Zeeman slower. The MOT coils and end section of the Zeeman slower are constructed with superconducting electromagnets mounted on an additional 6 K plate of the cryostat. We transfer the atoms into a magnetic trap and demonstrate the first step in a magnetic transfer scheme to bring the atoms towards the mK environment.

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Trapping of Neutral Sodium Atoms with Radiation Pressure

Cited by 1,275 publications

References 5 publications

Ultracold atoms and precise time standards

Ultracold atoms and precise time standards

Detection of Trapped Antihydrogen

Trapping of ultracold atoms in a 3He/4He dilution refrigerator

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