Trash to Treasure: Eco-Friendly and Practical Synthesis of Amides by Nitriles Hydrolysis in WEPPA

Abstract

The hydration of nitriles to amides in a water extract of pomelo peel ash (WEPPA) was realized with moderate to excellent yields without using external transition metals, bases or organic solvents. This reaction features a broad substrate scope, wide functional group tolerance, prominent chemoselectivity, and good reusability. Notably, a magnification experiment in this bio-based solvent at 100 mmol further demonstrated its practicability.

In Situ Preparation of Palladium Nanoparticles for C‐2 Selective Arylation of Indoles in Agro‐Waste Extract Based Mixed Solvents

“…The water extract of pomelo peel ash (WEPPA) used in this study was firstly prepared according to our reported procedure [17] . Then, the reaction of N ‐methylindole 1 a and iodobenzene 2 a was selected as the model reaction to screen the best conditions (Table 1).…”

“…The water extract of pomelo peel ash (WEPPA) used in this study was firstly prepared according to our reported procedure. [17] Then, the reaction of N-methylindole 1 a and iodobenzene 2 a was selected as the model reaction to screen the best conditions (Table 1). This cross-coupling reaction preferred to occur at C-2 position of indole and formed 1methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole 3 a as the major product in WEPPA (entry 1).…”

“…As the extension of our research on the resourcing of organic agriculture waste [17] and environmentally friendly chemical transformations of indoles, [18] we present herein our preliminary study about the construction of 2-arylindoles via in situ generation of palladium nanoparticles catalyzed direct sp 2 CÀ H functionalization of indoles with iodoarenes in agrowaste extract based mixed solvents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the palladium-catalyzed C-2 selective direct CÀ H arylation of indoles in AWEs.…”