Cell techniques find increasing application in modern clinical practice. The II
and III phases of clinical trials are already under way for various cellular
products used for the restoration of the functions of the cornea, larynx, skin,
etc. However, the obtainment of functional cell types specific to different
organs and tissues still remains a subject of laboratory research. Liver is one
of the most important organs; the problems and prospects of cellular therapy for
liver pathologies are currently being actively studied. Cellular therapy of
liver pathologies is a complex multistage process requiring a thorough
understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring in liver cells during
differentiation and regeneration. An analysis of the current cellular therapy
for liver pathologies is presented, the use of various cell types is described,
the main molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte differentiation are analyzed, and
the challenges and prospects of cell therapy for liver disorders are discussed
in this review.