Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Homeless Adults in Sydney

Taylor, Kathryn M.; Sharpe, Louise

doi:10.1080/00048670701827218

Cited by 74 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Problematically, however, violent victimisation still receives limited acknowledgment within policy development or academic research, despite the fact that existing studies, both in Australia and internationally, consistently document that people experiencing homelessness report a horrendous and disproportionate level of victimisation, including repeated experiences of childhood abuse, domestic and family violence, rape, physical and sexual assault, and robbery (see, for example, Buhrich, Hodder & Teesson 2000;Jasinski et al 2005;Kipke et al 1997;Kushel et al 2003;Larney et al 2009;North, Smith & Spitznagel 1994;Taylor & Sharpe 2008). It is clear that repeated experiences of violent victimisation are more likely for those whose homelessness is both prolonged and made complex by mental illness and substance abuse, and yet the wide-ranging and often enduring impacts of victimisation are rarely acknowledged and considered as part of 'housing plus' (Morrison 2009, p. 1) responses to homelessness.…”

Section: Rough Livingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A concern for most researchers has been to generate nationally comparative rates of victimisation for those homeless in order to evidence and highlight their alarmingly disproportionate experience of violence. Studies are commonly split in their concentration on either homeless people's experiences of childhood victimisation within family homes (Janus et al 1995;Thrane et al 2006) or their experiences of victimisation within recent periods of homelessness (Alder 1991;Ballintyne 1999;Gaetz 2004;Kipke et al 1997;Larney et al 2009;Newburn & Rock 2005), though a few offer epidemiologic overviews of lifetime experiences of trauma and violence (Buhrich, Hodder & Teesson 2000;North, Smith & Spitznagel 1994;Taylor & Sharpe 2008). Further, many researchers focus on the experience of a particular form of violent victimisation and its relationship to homelessness, for example, domestic and family violence (Browne 1993;Tually et al 2008), childhood sexual and physical abuse (Tyler et al 2001;Wenzel, Koegel & Gelberg 2000), and rape and sexual assault (Goodman, Fels & Glenn 2006;Morrison 2009;Wenzel, Leake & Gelberg 2001. In contrast, this project aimed to develop a qualitative overview of the cyclical and enmeshed relationship of violence and homelessness and to examine the context and impact of violence throughout the life paths of those who become homeless.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rough living: Surviving violence & homelessness

Robinson¹

2010

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Section: Rough Livingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rough living: Surviving violence & homelessness

Robinson¹

2010

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“…The scientific literature shows a consistent association between homelessness and stressful life events, especially among women [1][2][3][4]. The lower socioeconomic status experienced by many homeless women has been shown to be a major determinant of stressful life events [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Maternal Stress and Physical Abuse among Homeless Women and Infant Health Outcomes in the United States

Merrill

Richards

Sloan

2011

Epidemiology Research International

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Background. This study examines whether the relationship between maternal stress or abuse situations and infant birth weight differs between homeless and non-homeless women. Methods. Analyses are based on data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. Results. Homeless women were significantly more likely to experience stressful life events, abusive situations, and poor maternal health than non-homeless women during pregnancy. Birth weight among infants of homeless women was, on average, 17.4 grams lighter than for infants of non-homeless women, after adjusting for maternal age, race, ethnicity, region, education, and marital status. The impact of maternal health, stress, and abuse variables on pregnancy and infant birth weight significantly interacted with homeless status. For example, vaginal bleeding, nausea, kidney/bladder infection, and failure to receive early prenatal care had significantly larger negative impacts on birth weight among homeless women than non-homeless women. Infant birth weight was consistently lower among homeless women, more so when maternal stress and abuse were involved, across all classifications of their prepregnancy weight. Conclusion. Stress and abusive situations among pregnant women have a negative influence on pregnancy-related conditions and infant birth weight. However, this negative influence is even more pronounced among homeless women.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Traumatic life experiences 7,8 and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [9][10][11][12][13] are common among homeless people, but no studies have examined the role of PTSD in sustaining smoking behavior in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Their Association With Smoking Outcome Expectancies Among Homeless Smokers in Boston

Baggett

Campbell

Chang

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Introduction: Cigarette smoking and traumatic life experiences are each common among homeless adults, but the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among homeless smokers are not known. We assessed symptoms of PTSD and their association with smoking outcome expectancies in a sample of homeless smokers in Boston. Methods: We used time-location sampling to conduct an in-person survey of homeless adult smokers using Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program clinical services. We assessed symptoms of PTSD with the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version and considered scores at least 14 as positive. We used the Smoking Effects Questionnaire to assess positive and negative smoking outcome expectancies. We modeled the associations between PTSD screening status and smoking expectancies using design-adjusted linear regression. Results: Eighty-six percent of eligible individuals participated (N = 306). Sixty-eight percent of participants screened positive for PTSD. Screen-positive respondents were younger (P = .001), more likely to report fair/poor health (P = .01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = .02), and past-month hallucinations (P = .004), and had greater drug (P < .001) and alcohol (P < .001) use severity and cigarette dependence (P = .002). In analyses controlling for these confounders, PTSD screen-positive participants more strongly endorsed smoking to reduce negative affect (P = .01), smoking for social benefits (P = .002), and smoking for weight control (P = .03). Exploratory analyses suggested that these associations were driven by avoidance/numbing and re-experiencing symptoms. Conclusions: Symptoms of posttraumatic stress are common among homeless smokers and strongly associated with positive smoking outcome expectancies. Tobacco cessation programs for this population should consider screening for PTSD and fostering a trauma-sensitive treatment environment. Implications: In this study of homeless cigarette smokers in Boston, over two-thirds of participants screened positive for PTSD. PTSD screen-positive respondents more strongly endorsed multiple positive smoking outcome expectancies than screen-negative individuals. These findings suggest

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Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Homeless Adults in Sydney

Cited by 74 publications

References 43 publications

Rough living: Surviving violence & homelessness

Rough living: Surviving violence & homelessness

Prenatal Maternal Stress and Physical Abuse among Homeless Women and Infant Health Outcomes in the United States

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Their Association With Smoking Outcome Expectancies Among Homeless Smokers in Boston

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