Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey

McGrath, John J.; Saha, Sukanta; Lim, Carmen C W; Aguilar‐Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffærts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel; Cardoso, Graça; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Fayyad, John; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep María; Kawakami, Norito; Koenen, Karestan C.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Paul; Lépine, Jean‐Pierre; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Medina‐Mora, María Elena; Navarro‐Mateu, Fernando; Ojagbemi, Akin; Posada‐Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy A.; Scott, Kate M.; Tachimori, Hisateru; Have, Margreet ten; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Kessler, Ronald C.

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.117.205955

Cited by 90 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The age range of studies in the GP was quite wide (9.8-51.7 years), and thus the population included in these studies is quite heterogeneous as Psychological Medicine different confounding factors may operate at different ages; this should be considered as a limitation when interpreting our results. Furthermore, only three papers took into account different mediating effects based on the timing of adversity (McDonnell et al, 2018;Schalinski et al, 2019;Wolke et al, 2014) which is an important limitation of current research as different mediating mechanisms may operate differently based on the developmental period (McGrath et al, 2017). Lastly, there was a time lag between the systematic literature search, in July 2019, and the submission date in February 2020, which means newer studies were not included in the current work.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

et al. 2020

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Various psychological and biological pathways have been proposed as mediators between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis. A systematic review of the evidence in this domain is needed. Our aim is to systematically review the evidence on psychological and biological mediators between CA and psychosis across the psychosis spectrum. This review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between 1979 and July 2019 were identified through a literature search in OVID (PsychINFO, Medline and Embase) and Cochrane Libraries. The evidence by each analysis and each study is presented by group of mediator categories found. The percentage of total effect mediated was calculated. Forty-eight studies were included, 21 in clinical samples and 27 in the general population (GP) with a total of 82 352 subjects from GP and 3189 from clinical studies. The quality of studies was judged as ‘fair’. Our results showed (i) solid evidence of mediation between CA and psychosis by negative cognitive schemas about the self, the world and others (NS); by dissociation and other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms; and through an affective pathway in GP but not in subjects with disorder; (iii) lack of studies exploring biological mediators. We found evidence suggesting that various overlapping and not competing pathways involving post-traumatic and mood symptoms, as well as negative cognitions contribute partially to the link between CA and psychosis. Experiences of CA, along with relevant mediators should be routinely assessed in patients with psychosis. Evidence testing efficacy of interventions targeting such mediators through cognitive behavioural approaches and/or pharmacological means is needed in future.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

et al. 2020

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“…Childhood maltreatment is implicated in the development of a range of adult psychopathology crossing diagnostic categories (Kessler et al ., ; Vachon, Krueger, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, ; van Nierop et al ., ), including psychotic disorders (Green, Girshkin, Teroganova, & Quidé, ; Hardy et al ., ; Read, Fosse, Moskowitz, & Perry, ; Varese et al ., ). Meta‐analytic studies suggest a twofold to threefold increase in risk for psychotic disorders in those with a history of childhood maltreatment (Matheson, Shepherd, Pinchbeck, Laurens, & Carr, ; McGrath et al ., ; Varese et al ., ). While sexual abuse alone has been reported as a significant risk factor for psychotic symptoms (Cutajar et al ., ), no particular type of trauma has been consistently implicated as a stronger predictor of psychotic symptoms relative to any other (Varese et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Schizotypal personality traits and social cognition are associated with childhood trauma exposure

Quidé

Cohen‐Woods

O’Reilly

et al. 2018

British J Clinic Psychol

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Findings Childhood trauma exposure is associated with increased schizotypal features (in particular paranoid ideation) and complex social cognitive abilities, independently of the diagnosis of psychotic disorder. Cognitive and social cognitive deficits were larger in schizophrenia compared to bipolar-I cases and healthy controls, but increased schizotypal features were observed in both schizophrenia and bipolar-I disorder relative to healthy controls. Limitations We were unable to distinguish the specific effects of particular childhood trauma exposures due to the high rate of exposure to more than one type of maltreatment. Retrospective assessment of childhood trauma in adulthood cannot be externally validated, and associations with behavioural traits in later life may be confounded by other factors not studied here.

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“…Moreover, no effect on PLEs was found in a 20 year follow-up study on PLEs in individuals affected by bushfires in Australia (30). Data from the World Mental Health survey confirmed a weak effect of natural disaster of unspecified type on PLEs, that did not hold after controlling for confounders (2).…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Literaturementioning

confidence: 90%

“…On the other hand, natural disasters affect the incidence of several mental disorders (10); however, their relevance as risk factors for PLEs is controversial. Natural disasters showed a weak effect on PLEs rate compared to interpersonal traumatic events in a large international study (2). Local studies have found opposite results (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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ResilienCity: Resilience and Psychotic-Like Experiences 10 Years After L’Aquila Earthquake

et al. 2020

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An earthquake hit the city of L'Aquila in central Italy in 2009, leaving the city completely destroyed and 309 casualties. Unexpectedly, lower rates of psychotic experiences in persons affected by the earthquake compared to non-affected persons were found 10 months after the earthquake. The very long-term impact of a natural disaster on the prevalence of psychotic experiences deserves more in-depth detailing. The Authors examined resilience and psychotic experiences in a university student sample of 494. No effect of direct exposure to the earthquake (odds ratio = 0.64, 95%CI [0.37, 1.11]), material damages (odds ratio = 0.86, 95%CI [0.60, 1.23]), psychological suffering (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI [0.83, 1.36]), or global impact severity (odds ratio = 0.92, 95%CI [0.76, 1.12]) on psychotic experiences was detected. Resilience levels did not differ between affected and non-affected persons. Resilience showed a strong protective effect on psychotic experiences (odds ratio=0.38, 95% CI [0.28, 0.51]. The protective effect of the RSA factor "Perception of Self" was significantly stronger in individuals affected by the earthquake compared to non-affected subjects. Being affected by an earthquake is not a risk factor for psychotic experiences in a university student sample, as no direct effect of the earthquake was detected after 10 years after the event. Resilience is confirmed as a strong protective factor for psychotic experiences irrespectively of large collective traumatic events. Extension of these results to a general population sample could provide interesting insights into recovery from natural disasters.

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Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey

Cited by 90 publications

References 24 publications

A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

Schizotypal personality traits and social cognition are associated with childhood trauma exposure

ResilienCity: Resilience and Psychotic-Like Experiences 10 Years After L’Aquila Earthquake

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