Trauma Exposure, DSM-5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Sexual Risk Outcomes

Mota, Natalie; Turner, Sarah; Taillieu, Tamara; Garcés, Isabel Cristina Carmona; Magid, Kirby; Sethi, Japandeep; Struck, Shannon; El‐Gabalawy, Renée; Afifi, Tracie O.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.025

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Accurate case identification, referral, and treatment with evidence‐informed psychological and psychopharmaceutical treatments may yield improved health outcomes. These potential outcomes include improved quality of life due to the amelioration of PTSD symptoms (Glassman et al., 2019); enhanced coping with regard to living with HIV (López et al., 2020); improved ART adherence, which, in turn, may lead to viral suppression and a lower likelihood of vulnerability to opportunistic infections; and fewer sexual‐risk behaviors characteristic of individuals experiencing symptoms related to traumatization (Mota et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Caseness Using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 Among Patients Receiving Care for HIV

Kagee

Bantjes

Saal

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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This study assessed the ability of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for the DSM-5 to distinguish between caseness and noncaseness for PTSD among South Africans receiving care for HIV. The PCL-5 and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Research Version (SCID-RV) module for PTSD were administered to 688 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at two HIV care clinics in the greater Cape Town (South Africa) area. In total, nearly half of the sample (n = 324, 47.1%) reported experiencing an index traumatic event, and 101 participants (14.74%, 95% CI [12.17%, 17.62%]) met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD as measured using the SCID-RV. An ROC curve analysis suggested that a PCL-5 cutoff score of 32 yielded optimal sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.88), indicating that the measure was successful in determining caseness for PTSD 88% of the time and noncaseness 88% of the time. The AUC was 94.3%, 95% CI [92.6% to 96.1%], indicating high accuracy. The positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 56.3% and 97.7%, respectively, which suggests that the PCL-5 is an effective screening instrument to determine the presence of PTSD among South African ART users. Undetected and, thus, untreated PTSD may reduce quality of life, impede optimal adherence to ART, and increase the likelihood of risk behaviors among individuals living with HIV, contributing to further infections. The PCL-5 may be used for detection, referral, and treatment of PTSD as a way to enhance its management among individuals receiving HIV care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Caseness Using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 Among Patients Receiving Care for HIV

Kagee

Bantjes

Saal

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…A Canadian team demonstrated an association between sexual assault as an adult and acquisition of a STI in the past year, however the survey of more than 35 000 participants was unable to tell whether the STI occurred as a consequence of the assault or whether the association was indirect, for example, the trauma of sexual assault has increased subsequent sexual risk taking, or whether STI acquisition was increased in this group independent of the sexual assault. 2 The authors of this current review based in the UK, argue, irrespective of the reasons as to why poor sexual outcomes are higher in this group, a healthcare response is warranted. Indeed, sexual and reproductive health problems are the most frequently reported physical health concerns in those subjected to sexual violence.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The association between sexual violence and poor sexual and reproductive health of individuals is known; links with unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, recurrent urinary tract infection, pelvic pain and pelvic inflammatory disease as well as genital injury and trauma are reported. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] For example, a large prospective UK-based cohort study of adolescents treated after sexual assault, found the pregnancy rate at 4 months was high (4%) relative to population estimates for young women (2% in girls aged 15 to 17 years and <1% in those younger than 16 years) and the STI rate was higher than expected (12%, compared with population estimates for new STIs at 4%). 8 However, the relationship between sexual violence and sexual and reproductive health consequences is not straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How, why, for whom and in what context, do sexual health clinics provide an environment for safe and supported disclosure of sexual violence: protocol for a realist review

et al. 2020

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IntroductionSupporting people subjected to sexual violence includes provision of sexual and reproductive healthcare. There is a need to ensure an environment for safe and supported disclosure of sexual violence in these clinical settings. The purpose of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of how, why, for whom and in what circumstances safe and supported disclosure occurs in sexual health services.Methods and analysisTo understand how safe and supported disclosure of sexual violence works within sexual health services a realist review will be undertaken with the following steps: (1) Focussing of the review including a scoping literature search and guidance from an advisory group. (2) Developing the initial programme theories and a search strategy using context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations. (3) Selection, data extraction and appraisal based on relevance and rigour. (4) Data analysis and synthesis to further develop and refine programme theory, CMO configurations with consideration of middle-range and substantive theories.Data analysisA realist logic of analysis will be used to align data from each phase of the review, with CMO configurations being developed. Programme theories will be sought from the review that can be further tested in the field.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the ethics committee at University of Birmingham, and has Health Research Authority approval. Findings will be disseminated through knowledge exchange with stakeholders, publications in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and formal and informal reports. In addition, as part of a doctoral study, the findings will be tested in multisite case studies.PROSPERO registration detailsCRD4201912998. Dates of the planned realist review, from protocol design to completion, January 2019 to July 2020.

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“…Sexual violence and abuse (abbreviated to SV) leaves people at increased risk of harmful sexual and reproductive health outcomes with links between SV and unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, recurrent urinary tract infection, pelvic pain and pelvic inflammatory disease as well as genital injury and trauma (Caceres et al, 2000; Campbell et al, 2002; Grose et al, 2020; Jewkes et al, 2010; Johnson & Hellerstedt, 2002; Mota et al, 2019; Weiss et al, 2008). The psychological impact of SV is also well documented (Dworkin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing a Supportive Environment for Disclosure of Sexual Violence and Abuse in a Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Setting: A Realist Review

Caswell

Ross

Maidment

et al. 2022

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Background: Sexual and reproductive healthcare services (SRHS) are an environment where medical care relevant to sexual violence and abuse (SV) is available. However, barriers to disclosure need to be overcome to allow timely access to this care. There is limited research identifying and explaining how interventions remove barriers and create a safe and supportive environment for disclosure. The purpose of this review was to develop and refine theories that explain how, for whom and in what context SRHS facilitate disclosure. Methods: Following published realist standards we undertook a realist review. After focussing the review question and identifying key contextual barriers, articles pertaining to these were identified using a traditional systematic database search. This strategy was supplemented with iterative searches. Results: Searches yielded 3172 citations, and 28 articles with sufficient information were included to develop the emerging theories. Four evidence-informed theories were developed proposing ways in which a safe and supportive environment for the disclosure of SV is enabled in SRHS. The theories consider how interventions may overcome barriers surrounding SV disclosure at individual, service-delivery and societal levels. Conclusions: Benefits of SRHS engagement with health promotion and health activism activities to address societal level barriers like lack of service awareness and stereotypic views on SV are presented. Although trauma informed practice and person-centred care were central in creating a safe and supportive environment for disclosure the review found them to be poorly defined in this setting.

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Trauma Exposure, DSM-5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Sexual Risk Outcomes

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Caseness Using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 Among Patients Receiving Care for HIV

Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Caseness Using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 Among Patients Receiving Care for HIV

How, why, for whom and in what context, do sexual health clinics provide an environment for safe and supported disclosure of sexual violence: protocol for a realist review

Providing a Supportive Environment for Disclosure of Sexual Violence and Abuse in a Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Setting: A Realist Review

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