Trauma Prevalence and Somatoform Symptoms

Sack, Martin; Lahmann, Claas; Jaeger, Burkard; Henningsen, Peter

doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181594846

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Clinical evidence suggests a strong link between child abuse or neglect and the development of vulvodynia in adulthood (Moore and Kennedy, 2000, Harlow and Stewart, 2005, Latthe et al, 2006, Sack et al, 2007, Nguyen et al, 2009). A recent study reported that patients with provoked vestibulodynia have a lower vaginal distension threshold than control patients, suggesting that vulvodynia may be associated with vaginal allodynia (Farmer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal hypersensitivity and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction as a result of neonatal maternal separation in female mice

et al. 2014

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Early life stress can permanently alter functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the stress response and influences the perception of pain. Chronic pelvic pain patients commonly report having experienced childhood neglect or abuse, which increases the likelihood of presenting with comorbid chronic pain and/or mood disorders. Animal models of neonatal stress commonly display enhanced anxietylike behaviors, colorectal hypersensitivity, and disruption of proper neuro-immune interactions in adulthood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early life stress impacts vaginal sensitivity by exposing mice to neonatal maternal separation (NMS) for 3hr/day during the first two (NMS14) or three (NMS21) postnatal weeks. As adults, female mice underwent vaginal balloon distension (VBD), which was also considered an acute stress. Before or after VBD, mice were assessed for anxiety-like behavior, hindpaw sensitivity, and changes in gene and protein expression related to HPA axis function and regulation. NMS21 mice displayed significantly increased vaginal sensitivity compared to naïve mice, as well as significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior at baseline, which was heightened following VBD. NMS21 mice exhibited significant thermal and mechanical hindpaw hypersensitivity at baseline and following VBD. NMS14 mice displayed no change in anxiety-like behavior and only exhibited significantly increased hindpaw mechanical and thermal sensitivity following VBD. Centrally, a significant decrease in negative regulation of the HPA axis was observed in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of NMS21 mice. Peripherally, NMS and VBD affected the expression of inflammatory mediators in the vagina and bladder. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel protein expression was also significantly, and differentially, affected in vagina, bladder, and colon by both NMS and VBD. Together these data indicate that NMS affects both central and peripheral aspects of the HPA axis, which may drive changes in vaginal sensitivity and the development of comorbid chronic pain and mood disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal hypersensitivity and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction as a result of neonatal maternal separation in female mice

et al. 2014

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“…Traumatic experiences are known to be a crucial factor in the development of somatoform disorders [13] and traumas that are anchored at the physical level seem to be of particular importance when directly compared to OCD and ED. In conclusion, our findings suggest that schema and trauma should be regarded as different concepts by both researchers and practitioners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…between the scale ‘emotional neglect' of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) [11] and the EMS ‘emotional deprivation' [3]. Traumatic events are also known to be risk factors for later ED [12] and CPD [13]. Traumatic experiences may also contribute to the development of OCD, but have to be considered together with biological predisposition, vulnerability and other stressors [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Schemas, Schema Modes and Childhood Traumas in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Chronic Pain Disorder and Eating Disorders

Voderholzer

Schwartz²,

Thiel³

et al. 2013

Psychopathology

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Background: In this study, we investigated early maladaptive schemas (EMS), schema modes and childhood traumas in patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in contrast to patients with other Axis I disorders. Based on cognitive theories on OCD, our main research question was whether schemas belonging to the domain of ‘impaired autonomy and performance' are more prevalent in OCD than in both eating disorders (ED) and chronic pain disorder (CPD). Sampling and Methods: EMS, schema modes and traumatic childhood experiences were measured in 60 patients with OCD, 41 with ED, 40 with CPD and 142 healthy controls. To analyze differences between the groups, MANCOVAs were conducted followed by deviation contrasts. Depression level, age and gender were considered as possible covariates. Results: OCD patients scored higher on 4 EMS, 2 of which belong to the domain ‘impaired autonomy and performance'. ED patients had higher scores in the EMS ‘emotional inhibition' and CPD patients on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire subscale ‘physical neglect'. Conclusions: These results suggest that there might be typical schema patterns associated with OCD and ED. We can also conclude that a higher prevalence of traumatic experiences does not necessarily coincide with more EMS and schema modes.

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“…Yet, the association of both MT and somatization with dissociation and trauma nourishes assumptions about MT and somatization both being sequelae of severely unsettling and disintegrating experiences [15,16,17,28,29,30,31,50]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magical Thinking in Somatoform Disorders: An Exploratory Study among Patients with Suspected Allergies

Hausteiner-Wiehle

Sokollu²

2011

Psychopathology

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Background: In order to reconceptualize somatoform disorders (SFDs), the psychological characteristics of SFD patients are increasingly investigated. The cognitive style of magical thinking (MT) has not been studied so far in patients with SFDs. Sampling and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 201 allergy workup patients were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; they answered a set of self-report questionnaires including the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire subscale for MT and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The expression of MT was explored in 61 patients with SFDs compared to 140 patients without SFDs. Results: Patients with SFDs reached higher scores of MT, also when controlled for gender, depression, and anxiety. In particular, they stated more frequently that they were believers in telepathy (64 vs. 44%) and clairvoyance (43 vs. 16%). MT correlated only weakly with somatization/somatic symptom severity, depression, and anxiety. Conclusions: Among allergy workup patients with SFDs we found considerable MT. This indicates that SFD patients may tend to mistake correlation for causality in a more general way, and not just in an illness-related context. The relation to indicators of illness severity (somatic symptom severity/somatization, depression, and anxiety) was relatively weak. Possible implications for research, diagnostics, and therapy are discussed.

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Trauma Prevalence and Somatoform Symptoms

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Vaginal hypersensitivity and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction as a result of neonatal maternal separation in female mice

Vaginal hypersensitivity and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction as a result of neonatal maternal separation in female mice

A Comparison of Schemas, Schema Modes and Childhood Traumas in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Chronic Pain Disorder and Eating Disorders

Magical Thinking in Somatoform Disorders: An Exploratory Study among Patients with Suspected Allergies

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