Trauma Type and Gender Effects on PTSD, General Distress, and Peritraumatic Dissociation

Hetzel-Riggin, Melanie D.; Roby, Ryan P.

doi:10.1080/15325024.2012.679119

Cited by 66 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Dissociative reactions often prevent proper encoding of the event and prevent emotional processing of trauma memories (Bryant, 2007;Friedman, Keane, & Resick, 2007). As found in a recent study, PD may be more likely to occur in very severe and intolerable events, such as interpersonal violence (Hetzel-Riggin & Roby, 2013). Moreover, high prevalence rates (73%) were observed for the ASD dissociative criteria in a sample of robbery victims and victims of physical assaults (Elklit, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Gender Differences in the Prediction of Acute Stress Disorder From Peritraumatic Dissociation and Distress Among Victims of Violent Crimes

Demarble

Fortin

DʼAntono

et al. 2017

J Interpers Violence

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Peritraumatic dissociation and distress are strong predictors of acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development. However, there is limited data concerning gender differences in these relations, particularly among victims of violent crimes (VVC). The objective of this study is to examine whether peritraumatic dissociation and distress predict the number of ASD symptoms differently for men and women VVC. In all, 162 adults (97 women, M age = 39.6 years), 63% of whom experienced physical assaults, completed the Acute Stress Disorder Interview, the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire, and the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory. Analyses included t tests and multiple hierarchical regressions models controlling for known PTSD risk factors. The regression model showed dissociation and distress to be significant predictors of ASD for both men and women (β = .349 and β =.312 respectively; all p < .001). A significant three-way interaction was also observed between peritraumatic distress (PDI), past potentially traumatic experiences, and gender. In simple slopes analyses, the combination of high levels of PDI and of a high number of past potentially traumatic events were associated with greater risk of ASD in men only ( b = 3.78, p < .001). However, women experienced greater PDI, t(157) = 5.844, p = .005, than men, and elevated distress was associated with more ASD symptoms independently of past traumatic events. Gender differences were revealed as a function of past potentially traumatic experiences. There is a cumulative impact of past potential traumas and current distress that predicts ASD in men, while in women, it contributes to ASD via increased distress.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Gender Differences in the Prediction of Acute Stress Disorder From Peritraumatic Dissociation and Distress Among Victims of Violent Crimes

Demarble

Fortin

DʼAntono

et al. 2017

J Interpers Violence

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show abstract

“…Seven studies compared all classes with each other (Armour & Sleath, ; Cavanaugh et al., ; Golder et al., ; Holt et al., ; McCutcheon et al., ; Walsh et al., ; Young‐Wolff et al., ). Further, the number of mental health correlates examined ranged from 2 (Cavanaugh et al., ; Holt et al., ) to 10 (Cavanaugh et al., ). For purposes of this review, only specific‐trauma classes identified in at least two or more studies are described below in text.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, excluding one study (McCutcheon et al, 2010), other studies narrowly focused on interpersonal traumas. Most existing evidence suggests that interpersonal traumas have a detrimental impact on mental health (Green et al, 2000;Hetzel-Riggin & Roby, 2013;Sijbrandij et al, 2013). However, such interpretations may be incomplete and inconclusive without the consideration of other trauma types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirically derived lifespan polytraumatization typologies: A systematic review

Contractor

Caldas

Fletcher³

et al. 2018

J Clin Psychol

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“…Assim como em outros estudos 46,47 , a maioria dos cuidadores na fase inicial do luto referiu ter ajuda e apoio social, principalmente dos familiares mais próximos, e estavam satisfeitos com o apoio recebido. Poucos cuidadores apresentaram sintomas significativos de dissociação peritraumática o que vai de encontro com os achados da literatura, de que níveis de dissociação peritraumática mais elevados foram encontrados em cuidadores que perderam o seu familiar por morte violenta do que em cuidadores que perderam um ente querido por morte natural ou por doença 48,49 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Circunstâncias e consequências do cuidar: caracterização do cuidador familiar em cuidados paliativos

Delalibera

Barbosa

Leal

2018

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Family caregivers play an important role in advanced disease patient care. The goal of this study was to characterize the family caregiver in palliative care, evaluating the circumstances and consequences of care and preparation for the loss of the loved one. This is a quantitative, prospective and longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 60 family caregivers, mostly women, married with an average age of 44.53 years. Most caregivers cohabit with the patient, and they spend the greater part of their day caring for the patient and a significant part quit their jobs or reduce working hours to be with the patient. The highest burden caregivers also showed higher levels of anxiety, depression, somatization and less social support. The most dysfunctional family caregivers reported little social support and those caregivers who were less prepared for the death of the patient showed more symptoms of peritraumatic dissociative experience. Most caregivers were aware of the severity of the illness of their family member and the proximity of death, and considered that the patient was very well taken care of in the palliative care service.

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Trauma Type and Gender Effects on PTSD, General Distress, and Peritraumatic Dissociation

Cited by 66 publications

References 34 publications

Gender Differences in the Prediction of Acute Stress Disorder From Peritraumatic Dissociation and Distress Among Victims of Violent Crimes

Gender Differences in the Prediction of Acute Stress Disorder From Peritraumatic Dissociation and Distress Among Victims of Violent Crimes

Empirically derived lifespan polytraumatization typologies: A systematic review

Circunstâncias e consequências do cuidar: caracterização do cuidador familiar em cuidados paliativos

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