Traumatic Brain Damage: Serum S-100 Protein Measurements Related to Neuroradiological Findings

Romner, Bertil; Ingebrigtsen, Tor; Kongstad, Poul; Børgesen, S. E.

doi:10.1089/089771500415391

Cited by 192 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Numerous reports in the literature document the usefulness of measuring glial fibrillary acidic protein in CSF as a specific indicator of CNS pathological abnormalities (Eng et al, 1971;Eng 1980;Aurell et al, 1991;Blennow et al, 1996). S-100b, the principal low-affinity calcium-binding protein in astrocytes (Xiong et al, 2000), was reported to consistently correlate with both GCS score and neuroradiological findings at admission (Raabe et al, 1999b(Raabe et al, , 1998Romner et al, 2000;Woertgen et al, 1999). Nevertheless S100b, initially considered unique to the nervous system, is present in other tissues including adipocytes and chondrocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

αII-Spectrin Breakdown Products (SBDPs): Diagnosis and Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Mondello

Robicsek

Gabrielli

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurotrauma

189

142

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In this study we assessed the clinical utility of quantitative assessments of aII-spectrin breakdown products (SBDP145 produced by calpain, and SBDP120 produced by caspase-3) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as markers of brain damage and outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We analyzed 40 adult patients with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 8) who underwent ventriculostomy. Patients requiring CSF drainage for other medical reasons served as controls. CSF samples were taken at admission and every 6 h thereafter for a maximum of 7 days and assessed using novel quantitative fragment-specific ELISAs for SBDPs. Outcome was assessed using the 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale. Mean CSF levels of SBDPs were significantly higher in TBI patients than in controls at all time points examined. Different temporal release patterns of CSF SBDP145 and SBDP120 were observed. SBDP145 provided accurate diagnoses at all time points examined, while SBDP120 release was more accurate 24 h after injury. Within 24 h after injury, SBDP145 CSF concentrations significantly correlated with GCS scores, while SBDP120 levels correlated with age. SBDP levels were significantly higher in patients who died than in those who survived. SBDP145 levels (>6 ng/mL) and SBDP120 levels (>17.55 ng/mL) strongly predicted death (odds ratio 5.9 for SBDP145, and 18.34 for SBDP120). The time course of SBDPs in nonsurvivors also differed from that of survivors. These results suggest that CSF SBDP levels can predict injury severity and mortality after severe TBI, and can be useful complements to clinical assessment.

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confidence: 99%

αII-Spectrin Breakdown Products (SBDPs): Diagnosis and Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Mondello

Robicsek

Gabrielli

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurotrauma

189

142

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“…Most of these studies have been conducted in adult and paediatric patients who had suffered head trauma of varying degrees. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Other studies ABSTRACT: Background: It has been shown previously that S-100β levels in serum correspond with the severity of central nervous system (CNS) trauma. It also has been suggested that S-100β in CNS tissue is involved in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quercetin Administration After Spinal Cord Trauma Changes S-100β Levels

Schültke

Griebel²,

Juurlink³

2010

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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S-100β, a small monomer of the calcium-binding S-100 protein family with a molecular weight of about 10 kDa, has been found in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.1 Being present throughout the cytosol and as components of cytoskeleton and membranes; it has been suggested that S-100β is involved in guiding the progression of cells through the cell cycle.2 With a little over one and a half hours, S-100β has a relatively short half life, which makes it a good candidate for assessment in emergency situations like central nervous system (CNS) trauma. 3 The results of studies conducted by a number of authors have shown that serum levels of S-100β can be used as predictor for the extent of tissue injury in the CNS. Most of these studies have been conducted in adult and paediatric patients who had suffered head trauma of varying degrees. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Other studies ABSTRACT: Background: It has been shown previously that S-100β levels in serum correspond with the severity of central nervous system (CNS) trauma. It also has been suggested that S-100β in CNS tissue is involved in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. We have previously shown that administration of quercetin results in improved motor function in an animal model of spinal cord trauma. Methods: Mid-thoracic spinal cord compression injury was produced in adult male Wistar rats. Serum and tissue samples were acquired from quercetin-treated animals (25 µmol / kg) and saline controls at 6, 12 and 24 hours after the trauma. S-100β levels were measured using a luminometric assay in the damaged tissue and in the serum of the animals. Results: The increase in serum S-100β levels seen in saline controls after spinal cord trauma was ameliorated in the quercetin-treated animals at all time points, although the difference to saline controls became statistically significant only at 24 hrs after the trauma. Compared to tissue S-100β levels in healthy animals, values were significantly decreased in saline controls at all three time points, while they were decreased at 6 hrs and increased at both 12 and 24 hrs in quercetin-treated animals. At all three time points tissue S-100β levels were significantly higher in quercetin-treated animals than in saline controls. Conclusions: Administration of quercetin results in modification of S-100β levels in the setting of experimental spinal cord trauma. The kinetic patterns of the S-100β fluctuations in serum and tissue suggest that post-traumatic administration of quercetin decreases the extent of CNS injury.RÉSUMÉ: L'administration de quercétine après un traumatisme à la moelle épinière modifie les niveaux de S-100β. Contexte : Des travaux antérieurs ont démontré que les niveaux de S-100β du sérum correspondent à la sévérité du traumatisme au niveau du système nerveux central (SNC) et il est possible que le S-100β joue un rôle dans la neuroprotection et la neurorégénération du SNC. Nous avons démontré antérieurement que l'administration de quercétine améliore la fonction motrice chez un modèle animal de traumatisme de la moe...

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“…16,17 Both the time course and the degree of elevation were associated strongly with neuropsychological outcome after cardiac surgery and head trauma. 9,10,12 Serum S100␤ levels also have been correlated with the volume of infracted brain in patients with stroke. 18,19 Although it is recognized that S100␤ originates from the central nervous system (CNS) and increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after injury, it remains unclear whether elevation of serum levels of S100␤ is a sign of bloodbrain barrier (BBB) dysfunction or neuronal/parenchymal damage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum S100β

Kanner

Marchi

Fazio

et al. 2003

Cancer

243

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BACKGROUNDS100β protein is expressed constitutively by brain astrocytes. Elevated S100β levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum reported after head trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke were correlated with the extent of brain damage. Because elevated serum S100β also was shown to indicate blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in the absence of apparent brain injury, it remains unclear whether elevation of serum levels of S100β reflect BBB dysfunction, parenchymal damage, or both.METHODSThe authors conducted a prospective study of serum S100β levels in six patients who underwent hyperosmotic BBB disruption (BBBD) with intraarterial chemotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma. In addition, 53 serum S100β samples were measured in 51 patients who had a variety of primary or metastatic brain lesions at the time of neuroimaging.RESULTSS100β was correlated directly with the degree of clinical and radiologic signs of BBBD in patients who were enrolled in the hyperosmotic study. In patients with neoplastic brain lesions, gadolinium enhancement on a magnetic resonance image was correlated with elevated S100β levels (n = 45 patients; 0.16 ± 0.1 μg/L; mean ± standard error of the mean) versus nonenhancing scans (n = 8 patients; 0.069 ± 0.04 μg/L). Primary brain tumors (n = 8 patients; 0.12 ± 0.08) or central nervous system metastases also presented with elevated serum S100β levels (n = 27 patients; 0.14 ± 0.34). Tumor volume was correlated with serum S100β levels only in patients with vestibular schwannoma (n = 6 patients; 0.13 ± 0.10 μg/L) but not in patients with other brain lesions.CONCLUSIONSS100β was correlated directly with the extent and temporal sequence of hyperosmotic BBBD, further suggesting that S100β is a marker of BBB function. Elevated S100β levels may indicate the presence of radiologically detectable BBB leakage. Larger prospective studies may better determine the true specificity of S100β as a marker for BBB function and as an early detection or follow‐up marker of brain tumors. Cancer 2003;97:2806–13. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11409

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Traumatic Brain Damage: Serum S-100 Protein Measurements Related to Neuroradiological Findings

Cited by 192 publications

References 25 publications

αII-Spectrin Breakdown Products (SBDPs): Diagnosis and Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

αII-Spectrin Breakdown Products (SBDPs): Diagnosis and Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Quercetin Administration After Spinal Cord Trauma Changes S-100β Levels

Serum S100β

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