Traumatic brain injury among men in an urban homeless shelter: observational study of rates and mechanisms of injury

Topolovec-Vranic, Jane; Ennis, Naomi; Howatt, Mackenzie; Ouchterlony, Donna; Michalak, Alicja; Masanic, Cheryl; Colantonio, Angela; Hwang, Stephen W.; Kontos, Pia; Stergiopoulos, Vicky; Cusimano, Michael D.

doi:10.9778/cmajo.20130046

Cited by 49 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is logical to assume that untreated TBI-related sequelae (such as impaired cognitive and social functioning, mood or behavior changes, and job loss 38 ) may increase one’s risk for chronic unemployment, homelessness, committing acts of violence, or incarceration, and the prevalence of TBI in these settings is alarming. 32,34,39–43 Conclusions as to causality are limited in cross-sectional studies, but studies conducted in Canada and the United Kingdom indicated that 70% to 90% of homeless people with a history of TBI report that their first TBI preceded the onset of homelessness. 39,44 …”

Section: Systematic Screening For Tbi Events and Chronic Tbi: A Publimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34,39 Although findings differ across studies, the largest ( n = 904) found that 53% of the sample reported a history of TBI. 39 Topolovec-Vranic and colleagues 43 used the BISQ to screen for TBI in a sample of men who received services at an urban adult homeless shelter in Toronto, Canada. Of the 111 screened, 77% reported having sustained a blow to the head, resulting in alteration of consciousness, and 45% screened positive for TBI with enduring symptoms.…”

Section: Identifying Individuals With Unidentified Tbi In High-risk Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening for Traumatic Brain Injury

Dams-O’Connor¹,

Cantor²,

Brown³

et al. 2014

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

117

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Objective To provide an overview of a series of projects that used a structured self-report screening tool in diverse settings and samples to screen for lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting Diverse community settings. Participants Homeless persons (n = 111), individuals with HIV seeking vocational rehabilitation (n = 173), youth in the juvenile justice system (n = 271), public schoolchildren (n = 174), substance users (n = 845), intercollegiate athletes (n = 90), and other community-based samples (n = 396). Design Cross-sectional. Main Measure Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire. Results Screening using the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire finds that 27% to 54% of those in high-risk populations report a history of TBI with chronic symptoms. Associations between TBI and social, academic, or other problems are evident in several studies. In non–high-risk community samples, 9% to 12% of individuals report TBI with chronic symptoms. Conclusion Systematic TBI screening can be implemented efficiently and inexpensively in a variety of settings. Lifetime TBI history data gathered using a structured self-report instrument can augment existing estimates of the prevalence of TBI, both as an acute event and as a chronic condition. Identification of individuals with TBI can facilitate primary prevention efforts, such as reducing risk for reinjury in high-risk groups, and provide access to appropriate interventions that can reduce the personal and societal costs of TBI (tertiary prevention).

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Section: Systematic Screening For Tbi Events and Chronic Tbi: A Publimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying Individuals With Unidentified Tbi In High-risk Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Traumatic Brain Injury

Dams-O’Connor¹,

Cantor²,

Brown³

et al. 2014

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10,11,20,29 Without adequate assessment, follow-up by a TBI clinic (when symptoms persist), and supportive interventions, injured adults may face long-term vocational/work issues, challenges in maintaining relationships with friends and family, or even slip into poverty and homelessness. 30 Vulnerable populations are often victims of accidents and violence that may cause new brain injuries or exacerbate old ones. 11,30 Thus, taken together, the magnitude of the prevalence estimates and associated risks identified within this representative sample warrant more work to understand, prevent, and respond to TBI among adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 Vulnerable populations are often victims of accidents and violence that may cause new brain injuries or exacerbate old ones. 11,30 Thus, taken together, the magnitude of the prevalence estimates and associated risks identified within this representative sample warrant more work to understand, prevent, and respond to TBI among adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between a History of Traumatic Brain Injuries and Current Cigarette Smoking, Substance Use, and Elevated Psychological Distress in a Population Sample of Canadian Adults

Ilie

Adlaf

Mann

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurotrauma

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This study describes the prevalence of reported history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its association with reports of current substance use, cigarette smoking, and psychological distress among Canadian adults in a population sample. A cross-sectional sample of 1999 Ontario adults 18-93 years of age were surveyed by telephone in 2011 as part of the Center for Addiction and Mental Health's ongoing representative survey of adult mental health and substance use in Ontario, Canada. Loss of consciousness for at least 5 min or at least one overnight hospitalization resulting from symptoms associated with the TBI injury represented minimum criteria for TBI. An estimated 16.8% (95% confidence interval, 14.8, 19.0) of adults reported a TBI in their lifetime. Men had higher prevalence of TBI than women. Adults who reported a history of TBI had higher odds of reported past-year daily smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.15), using cannabis (AOR = 2.80) and nonmedical opioids (AOR = 2.90), as well as screened significantly for recent elevated psychological distress (AOR = 1.97) in the past few weeks, compared to adults without a history of TBI. Co-occurrence of a history of TBI with current elevated psychological distress and substance use warrants vigilance among medical practitioners to assess the possibility of a history of TBI during reviews of the history leading to the occurrence of these conditions.

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“…Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become one of the leading causes of death in the modern world [1] and impacts society medically, socioeconomically and emotionally [2]. Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has devastated military personnel since World War I, cloaked under the misclassification of shell shock, among other neurological disorders [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%