Traumatic brain injury and age at onset of cognitive impairment in older adults

Abstract

There is a deficiency of knowledge regarding how traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with age at onset (AAO) of cognitive impairment in older adults. Participants with a TBI history were identified from the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI 1/GO/2) medical history database. Using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, the AAO was compared between those with and without TBI, and potential confounding factors were controlled. The AAO was also compared between those with mild TBI (mTBI) and moderate or severe TBI (sTBI). Lastly, the effects of mTBI were analyzed on the AAO of participants with clinical diagnoses of either mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The AAO for a TBI group was 68.2 ± 1.1 years [95 % confidence interval (CI) 66.2–70.3, n = 62], which was significantly earlier than the AAO for the non-TBI group of 70.9 ± 0.2 years (95 % CI 70.5–71.4, n = 1197) (p = 0.013). Participants with mTBI history showed an AAO of 68.5 ± 1.1 years (n = 56), which was significantly earlier than the AAO for the non-TBI group (p = 0.032). Participants with both MCI and mTBI showed an AAO of 66.5 ± 1.3 years (95 % CI 63.9–69.1, n = 45), compared to 70.6 ± 0.3 years for the non-TBI MCI group (95 % CI 70.1–71.1, n = 935) (p = 0.016). As a conclusion, a history of TBI may accelerate the AAO of cognitive impairment by two or more years. These results were consistent with reports of TBI as a significant risk factor for cognitive decline in older adults, and TBI is associated with an earlier AAO found in patients with MCI or AD.

Longitudinal evaluation of periodontitis and development of cognitive decline among older adults

“…The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and modifiable risk factors related to AD are midlife obesity, midlife hypertension, diabetes, physical inactivity, smoking, low education and depression (Norton, Matthews, Barnes, Yaffe, & Brayne, ). Lifestyle‐related factors such as alcohol consumption and a history of traumatic brain injury have also been associated to cognitive functions and dementia in elderly individuals (Li, Risacher, McAllister, & Saykin, ; Peters, Peters, Warner, Beckett, & Bulpitt, ).…”

“…Lifestyle-related factors such as alcohol consumption and a history of traumatic brain injury have also been associated to cognitive functions and dementia in elderly individuals (Li, Risacher, McAllister, & Saykin, 2016;Peters, Peters, Warner, Beckett, & Bulpitt, 2008).…”

Mild cognitive impairment and structural brain abnormalities in a sexagenarian with a history of childhood traumatic brain injury

“…However, a direct cause‐and‐effect relationship has yet to be firmly established between pediatric TBI and early‐onset Alzheimer disease (AD) (Mendez, Paholpak, Lin, Zhang, & Teng, ). Reports suggest that TBI during childhood may not necessarily cause dementia later in life per se but may result in earlier onset (Li, Risacher, McAllister, & Saykin, ). For example, in those who are genetically predisposed to dementia, the occurrence of TBI early in life may hasten AD onset.…”

“…For this reason, structural MRI can be used to quantify the rate of disease progression, and possibly as a measure of treatment effect, in AD treatment trials (Poulin & Zakzanis, ; Van Horn & Toga, b). Moreover, interest exists in using neuroimaging data resources as a basis for comparison in studies of potentially degenerative syndromes (Van Horn & Toga, a), including TBI (Li et al, ; Weiner et al, ).…”

The Influence of Systemic Immune Response and Sleep Modulation on the Secondary Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rodent Model

“…Secondary damage results from the body's response to the initial injury and can include neuroinflammation, herniation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, white matter degradation, and neuronal loss (Dash et al, 2016;Hay et al, 2015). These internal responses beget longlasting health consequences including sleep disruption (Morawska et al, 2016), increased likelihood for psychiatric diagnosis (Merkel et al, 2016), and greater risk for the development of neurodegenerative disease including dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (Hay et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016). Despite trends toward safety and awareness, a growing proportion of sports-related injuries in youths is linked to TBI (Coronado et al, 2015); this is concerning because even one instance of moderate or severe TBI can be associated with long-lasting, extensive BBB dysfunction (Hay et al, 2015).…”